Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Departemen Fisiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CARDIAC CYCLE
Systole
Iso-volumetric contraction :
Contraction begins but valves still closed.
closed
Tension develops but no shortening of cells.
Pressure builds up until pressures in left and right
ventricles > aorta (80 mm Hg) and pulmonary artery
(10 mm Hg) (lasts about 0.05 s).
Ventricular ejection:
QRS
120
V wave
(venous
return)
C wave
(ventricular
contraction)
a wave
(atrial
Contraction)
0 mmHg
IVR
Filling
IVC
Ejection
QRS
120
Atrial
Contraction
Aortic Valve
Opens at
80 mmHg
0 mmHg
IVR
Filling
IVC
Ejection
Closes
at 100
mmHg
QRS
120
80
Aortic Valve
Opens at
80 mmHg
Filling
IVC
Ejection
Closes
at 100
mmHg
Heart Sounds
Normally heard by a stethoscope
First sound : low, slightly prolonged lub,
caused by closure of mitral and tricuspid
valves, at ventricular systole. Duration 0.15 s
& fequency 25-45 Hz.
Second sound ; shorter, high-pitched dup,
caused by closure aortic and pulmonary
valves, after end of ventricular systole. 0.12 s
& 50 Hz.
Murmurs or Bruits
abnormal sounds heard in various parts of
the vascular system.
Bruits heard over a large, highly vascular
goiter, over carotid artery when its lumen is
narrowed & distorted by atherosclerosis.
Murmurs heard over aneurysmal dilation of
large arteries, an arteriovenous (A-V)
fistula, or patent ductus arteriosus.
Konsumsi oksigen
Some Definitions
Heart Rate: 60-100 beats/min Stroke Volume: 70-80 ml
number of contractions per unit time.
Cardiac Output:
5-5.5 l/min
flow rate out of the heart, volume pumped per unit time.
Venous return:
5-5.5 l/min
80 mmHg
Systolic pressure:
120 mmHg
5l
CARDIAC OUTPUT
Method
of Measurement
Cardiac
Indicator
dilution technique
Cardiac output = amount of
indicator injected divided by its
average concentration in arterial
blood after a single circulation
through the heart.
thermodilution, indicator used is
cold saline
Stroke volume
Normal
Fungsi jantung
Syok
Kardiogenik
HEART
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE CURVE
PRESSURE
After-load
Isovolumetric
Phase
Stroke
Volume
DIASTOLIC
PRESSURE CURVE
Pre-load
D Y
E
S LI T
A
E TI
R
C
C
IN TRA
N
CO
HEART
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE CURVE
PRESSURE
After-load
Isovolumetric
Phase
Stroke
Volume
DIASTOLIC
PRESSURE CURVE
Pre-load
ED T Y
S
A I LI
E
R CT
C
DE TRA
N
CO
HEART
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE CURVE
PRESSURE
After-load
Isovolumetric
Phase
Stroke
Volume
DIASTOLIC
PRESSURE CURVE
Pre-load
IN
C
FI RE
LL AS
IN E
G D
HEART
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE CURVE
PRESSURE
After-load
Isovolumetric
Phase
Stroke
Volume
DIASTOLIC
PRESSURE CURVE
Pre-load
Myocardial Contractility
Aritmia
Stenose, Regurgitasi
Failure
abnormal filling
Let it
beat!