New Waste Beverage Cans

Identification Method
UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA
23rd September 2014

Introduction
1. Widely used in variety of daily necessities, ex: cans,
wrappers medicine, household furniture
2. Has a major contribution to global climate change.
3. In 2004, while only 51.2 percent of solid waste were
recycled in USA, which is equivalent of energy about 15
million barrels of oil, and in 2012 only 57 percent.
4. Japan on the other hand has by far the highest level of
sustainable waste management, only 2% is landfilled

Recycle of Solid Waste waste

one ton paper from recycled fiber saves approximately
17 trees
recycling one ton of aluminium saves the equivalent in
energy of 2,350 gallons of gasoline

Why Solid Waste Sorting

The primary challenge in the recycling of solid waste
(aluminum or paper) is to obtain raw material with the
highest purity. In recycling, highly sorted object stream
facilitates high quality end product, and save processing
chemicals and energy because various grades of solid
waste are subjected to different recycling processes.

Why Automated Waste Sorting

The Solid waste sorting systems are classified into manual and
automated systems.
In many countries including Indonesia, solid waste are sorted into
different grades using a manual sorting system.
Manual sorting faces some major problems:
labor
inconsistent
severe infections

THE SVS SYSTEM FOR SOLID

WASTE SORTING

overview of the system

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
TABLE 1: The Ranges of RGB Color Components of the
Objects For 100dpi, 200dpi and 300dpi Resolutions
Red
Green
Blue

Min. Max. Min. Max.

Min.
Max.
ABC100
161 170 144 155
121
135
NAB100
203 225 199 221
197
221
NRC100
237 240 238 239
250
252

ABC200
172 186 151 171
124
149
NAB200
204 225 201 221
201
217
NRC200
238 241 236 241
249
252

ABC300
179 185 161 168
136
149
NAB300
210 218 207 213
204
212
NRC300
236 245 237 246
246
255

TABLE 2: The Minimum and Maximum

Ranges of RGB Color Components For
Different Grades of
The Objects

Red
Green
Blue
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
161 186 144 171 121 149
203 225 199 221 197 221
236 245 236 246 246 255

Ranges of the color components for Different Grades of The Objects

The results of the proposed method are compared with results published in literature
Name of Patent/
Industry Standard

Techniques
Applied
for
Identification

Types of
Sensor

Features

Logitech
Template
QuickCam Pro
Template Matching
RGB String
Matching
4000 Web
Camera
Logitech
Co-occurrence
Rule based
QuickCam Pro
Energy for the CoFeatures
Classifier
4000 Web
occurrence matrices
Camera
NIR, CMYK
Materials, shape,
TiTech Systems
Not Mentioned sensor and color color , texture, and
camera
four color printing
The sensor measures
the intensity of the
NIR, Color
materials
MSS Systems
Not Mentioned sensor, Gloss,
fluorescence at a
and Lignin
specific wavelength in
the ultraviolet light.
Artificial Neural
(i) Average Lignin
Network
value, (ii) Gloss meter
Four Sensors:
reading, (iii)

Classification
Success Rate

94.67%

90.67%

80%

80%

36.6%

CONCLUSION
The primary emphasis of this work is on the development of a new solid
waste identification method for automated sorting systems known as
the SVS system bases on Discriminant Analysis.
The method described involved window-based subdivision of the image
into N-cells, construction of N-candidate template for N-cells, calculation
of matching scores of reference templates for the N-cells image, and
application of matching score to identify the grade of the object.
The SVS system performance for correct object identification is 95.17%
with estimated throughput of 21,600 objects per hour with a conveyor
belt width of 18.
The weight of the throughput depends on the size and grade of the
objects.

 Another important idea that has been implemented is

the adaptability to new subcategories of the primary
object grades.
The wide range of subcategories of object grades is
used to train the system to recognize new
subcategories, and as a result the system is scalable
and able to provide robust decisions for object grade
identification tasks.
Besides, the method was trained with many reference
templates using different lighting conditions, which
overcame the need to maintain lighting consistency
during enrollment and identification phases.