Petroleum

Geomechanics

WELLBORE STABILITY STUDY

Presented by:
Sumitkumar Prajapati

PURPOSE :
OBTAIN THE OPTIMUM MUD WEIGHT WINDOW
TO FINISH THE WELL AND CALCULATE POSSIBLE
INSTABILITY ZONES FOR AZIYORK FIELD

AGENDA
ELASTIC PROPERTIES CALCULATION
IN-SITU STRESS CALCULATION
INDUCED STRESS CALCULATION
FAILURE CRITERIA
DETERMINING SAFE MUD WEIGHT WINDOWS
CONCLUSIONS
QUESTION

GIVEN DATA
GAMMA RAY
DENSITY
TOTAL POROSITY
COMPRESSIONAL AND SHEAR SLOWNESS
6-ARMS CALIPER
TRIAXIAL LABORATORY TESTS ON CORE SAMPLES
PREDICTED POROSITY GRADIENT

WHAT STRESSES ARE IN RESERVOIRS ?

Horizontal stresses
Vertical stresses(overburden
stresses)
Thermal stresses
Tectonic stresses
Hydrostatic stresses

www.ags.gov.ab.ca

ELASTIC PROPERTIES

YOUNG MODULES
It can be determined from sonic log from following equation
P= density Gm/cm^3
Ts & Tc = compression and shear transit
time DT and DTS from sonic log
1.34*10^10 = conversion factor to Psi
Edyn = dynamic young modules

Esta +0.4145Edyn - 1.0593

Estatic = Static Young modulas

ELASTIC PROPERTIES

Poisson Ratio
It can be obtained from below Equation
Ts & Tc = compression and shear transit
time DT and DTS from sonic log
V= Dynamic Poisson ratio

Vsat = static Poisson ration

VERTICAL OR OVERBURDEN STRESS

p is rock density which itself is
a function of depth;
g = gravity constant and
= the average density.

MINIMUM HORIZONTAL STRESSES

Assumption
ex = ey =0
= Biot coefficient = 1

h = horizontal stress
v = vertical stress,
= Biot coefficient,
Pr = pore pressure and
E = youngs modulus
ex, ey = strain toward minimum
and maximum horizontal stresses,
respectively.

MINIMUM HORIZONTAL STRESSES

= Tectonic Stress

Here Tectonic stress need to calibrated for that bellow

equation
is used

Where Sh = Average minifrac test result

MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL STRESSES

THERE IS NO DIRECT WAY TO CALCULATE MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL STRESS
BUT IT CAN BE CALCULATED BY FOLLOWING METHOD
A TENSILE FRACTURE WILL FORM AT THE WELLBORE WALL WHEN

SO
Pp = Pore pressure

INDUCED STRESSES
BEFORE DRILLING ALL STRESS IN RESERVOIRS ARE IN EQUILIBRIUM AFTER
DRILLING WE INDUCE THREE DIFFERENT STRESSES
EFFECTIVE HOOP STRESS,
EFFECTIVE REDIAL STRESS
EFFECTIVE VERTICAL STRESS

INDUCED STRESSES
This stress can be calculated by kirsch equation
Here
R = radius
= angle measured from the
azimuth from H
Note :In our case which give as 135
degree from h so we need to
Minus 90 degree from it in
calculation

INDUCED STRESSES
Krichs equation can be simplified as below

Inspection of these two equations reveals that both tangential and axial stresses reach
a maximum value at
=90 , 270 and a minimum value at = 0, 180 so it can be written as bellow

MOHRCOULOMB CRITERION
THE LINEARIZED FORM OF THE MOHR FAILURE CRITERION MAY ALSO BE WRITTEN IN
THE PRINCIPAL STRESS SPACE AS BELOW

WHERE
C = THE UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (UCS)
= IS THE ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION
U= THE COEFFICIENT OF INTERNAL FRICTION

MOHRCOULOMB CRITERION
IN SHEAR FAILURE CASE, CONSIDER =1, Z=2 AND R=3
THE LOWER LIMIT OF THE MUD PRESSURE IN ORDER TO AVOID BREAKOUTS,
PW(BO), WILL BE AS
BELOWE :

(Journal of rock mechanics, volume 6 doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.11.002)

MOHRCOULOMB CRITERION
In other cases of shear well breakout pressure can be calculated from below
table

Where

(Journal of rock mechanics, volume 6 doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.11.002)

MOHRCOULOMB CRITERION
BOREHOLE FRACTURING, CORRESPONDING TO TENSILE FAILURE OF
FORMATION, WILL OCCUR IF THE WELL PRESSURE RISES ABOVE THE
FRACTURE INITIATION PRESSURE, PW(FRAC). THUS, THE UPPER BOUND FOR MUD
WEIGHT WINDOWS CAN BE CALCULATED FROM BELOW TABLE

Where :

(Journal of rock mechanics, volume 6 doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.11.002)

MOHRCOULOMB CRITERION

the upper limit of the mud pressure for the tensile cut-off is obtained
as
equation

Pw(cut-off)=3hHT
Where T is ultimate strength

(Journal of rock mechanics, volume 6 doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.11.002)

MUD WINDOW

END OF PRESENTATION

Questions ?