IONIC

COMPOUNDS

STABILITY
Relates to nobility
Every elements dream
Theyll do what they can to look
like a noble gaspseudo-noble gas
configuration
Duet Rule
Octet Rule
Potential Energy

Bond Energy
The energy required to break a bond
The energy is absorbed when the bond
is broken, thusreleased when formed
Stronger bonds are more stable
Require more energy to break them
i.e. ionic bonds
Weaker bonds are less stable
Require less energy to break them
i.e. molecular or covalent bonds

Achieving Stability
Ionic bonds made by transferring
electrons
Metals will do what?
lose electron(s)
Nonmetals will do what?
gain electron(s)
Once electrons are transferred, the
atoms are converted to ions.

Ions
Positively charged ions are called?
cations
Negatively charged ions are called?
anions
Bond to make an ionic compound or
salt

Salts
Made of metals and nonmetals or
polyatomic ions
Solid
Ordered arrangement called crystal
lattice

Brittle
High melting point
Electrical conductors in aqueous and
molten phases

More About Ions

Written as a symbol with superscript to
the right indicating the charge
Charge is written as a number followed
by a + or sign
Monatomic ionsone-atomed ions
Polyatomic ionsmany-atomed ions

Monatomic Ions
Use periodic table to determine
charges of representative elements
Group 11+element name + ion
Group 22+element name + ion
Group 133+element name + ion
Group 14skip
Group 153-ide ending + ion
Group 162-ide ending + ion
Group 171-ide ending + ion

Monatomic Ions

For the transition metals, you must

memorize the possible charges of the
common ions
Cr2+

Chromium (II) ion

Chromous ion

Cr3+

Chromium (III) ion

Chromic ion

Mn2+

Manganese (II) ion

Manganous ion

Mn3+

Manganese (III) ion

Manganic ion

Fe2+

Iron (II) ion

Ferrous ion

Fe3+

Iron (III) ion

Ferric ion

Monatomic Ions
Co2+

Cobalt (II) ion

Cobaltous ion

Co3+

Cobalt (III) ion

Cobaltic ion

Ni2+

Nickel (II) ion

Nickelous ion

Ni3+

Nickel (III) ion

Nickelic ion

Cu1+

Copper (I) ion

Cuprous ion

Cu2+

Copper (II) ion

Cupric ion

Hg22+ Mercury (I) ion

Mercurous ion

Hg2+

Mercuric ion

Mercury (II) ion

Monatomic Ions
Sn2+

Tin (II) ion

Stannous ion

Sn4+

Tin (IV) ion

Stannic ion

Pb2+

Lead (II) ion

Plumbous ion

Pb4+

Lead (IV) ion

Plumbic ion

Ag1+

Silver ion

Zn2+

Zinc ion

Cd2+

Cadmium ion

Polyatomic Ions
Refer to handout
Know the formula (that means
elements, subscripts, and charge) of
each listed

Making Ionic
Compounds

A cation and an anion will bond in

order to bring the charge of the
compound to zero.
A criss-cross method is used to
determine the number of each ion
necessary to balance the charges
Always reduce subscripts.

Making Ionic
Compounds
1+
1Na1 Cl1
= NaCl
Mg Cl

= MgCl2

Al

= AlCl3

2+
1

3+
1

12

Cl

13

Making Ionic
Compounds
NaCl

sodium chloride

MgCl2

magnesium chloride

AlCl3

aluminum chloride

Na

1+
2

Making Ionic
Compounds
2= Na2S
S1

Mg O

22

= MgO

Ca P

32

= Ca3P2

2+
2

2+
3

Making Ionic
Compounds
Na2S

sodium sulfide

MgO

magnesium oxide

Ca3P2

calcium phosphide

Pb

4+
2

Ag I
1+
1

Making Ionic
Compounds
2= PbO2
O4
11

Fe O
3+
2

23

= AgI
= Fe2O3

Making Ionic
Compounds
PbO2
AgI

Lead (IV) oxide or

plumbic oxide
silver iodide

Fe2O3

iron (III) oxide or

ferric oxide

Making Ionic
Compounds
4+
1Pb1 (OH)4 = Pb(OH)4
Mg (SO ) = MgSO4
2+
2

24 2

Al (C2O )
3+
2

24 3

= Al2(C2O4)3

Making Ionic
Compounds
lead
(IV)
hydroxide
or
Pb(OH)4
plumbic hydroxide

MgSO4

magnesium sulfate

Al2(C2O4)3

aluminum oxalate