Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biomass
Biomass uses
Heat
Power (electrical)
Vehicle fuel (gas or liquid)
Main issues
Land availability
Low yields
Low density: transportation
Storage
Environmental
ra, R.; Smith, A.; Granda, C. B.; Holtzapple, M., Producing Fuels and Chemicals fr
nocellulosic Biomass. Chemical Engineering Progress 2008, pp S10-S18.
Main issues
Land availability
Low yields
Low density: transportation
Storage
Environmental
Types of biomass
Theoretical potential
Multiplying the proportion of the main plant components by the entire vegetation, an averaged
elementary composition of plants dry matter results:
Buswell (1930)
Theoretical potential
Buswell (1930)
Main issues
Land availability
Low yields
Low density: transportation
Storage
Environmental
Logistics
Logstica de carga/descarga
Balas, pellets, mdulos o reduccin de
tamao
Constrains
Main issues
Land availability
Low yields
Low density: transportation
Storage
Environmental
Main issues
Land availability
Low yields
Low density: transportation
Environmental
Bioenergy proyections
es, G.; Hoogwijk, M.; van den Broek, R., The contribution of biomass in the future
y supply: a review of 17 studies. Biomass and Bioenergy 2003, 25, (1), 1-28.
Sweage
Sustainable biofuels
Smell
but less landfill space is required with its own attendant problems.
THERMOCHEMICAL
Heat, power, liquid,
gas
Direct combustion
Cofiring
Repowering
Combined heat &
power (CHP)
Gasification
Pirlisis
BIOCHEMICAL
Liquid & gas
Anaerobic digestion
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Methanol
Butanol
Green diesel
Biofuel gasoline
Hydrogenated fats
Biogas
Syngas
Solid biofuels
Cellulosic ethanol
Biogas
Biodiesel from waste
Other biofuels
1st generation
Almidn
(polmero)
en maz
Sacarosa
(dmero)
en caa de azcar
1st generation
Jugo de caa
de azcar
Hidrlilsis de
Almidn
Fermentacin
Fermentacin
1st generation
http://www.ethanolrfa.org/
1st generation
Starch vs cellulose
Starch:
o
Cellulose
o
Rocio Sierra
Starch vs cellulose
STARCH
POLY--D-glucose
CELLULOSE
POLY--D-glucose
Rocio Sierra
2nd generation
Jugo de caa
de azcar
Hidrlilsis de
Almidn
Fermentacin
Fermentacin
Hidrlisis
Pretratamiento
28%
Reduction
52%
Reductio
n
78%
Reduction
Gasoline
Petroleum
Sugarcane
Ethanol
Corn Ethanol
Current
Average
Natural
Gas
Biomass
Biomass
86%
Reduction
Cellulosic
Ethanol
Biomass
Sources: Wang et al, Environ. Research Letters, May 2007; Wang et al, Life-Cycle Energy Use
and GHG Implications of Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol Simulated with GREET Model, Dec.
Cellulose polymer
Cellulose fibers
Plant cell wall
macrofibrils
microfibrils
Cellulose polymer
Rocio Sierra
Lignocellulosic biomass
Rocio Sierra
Effect of pretreatment
Rocio Sierra
Cost of petreatment
Corn stover
Dilute acid
Pretreatment
Enzymatic
Hydrolysis
Septic
Fermentation
Pretreatment
assessment
CAFI
Consortium for Applied
Fundamentals and
Innovation
Rocio Sierra
Pretreatment
assessment
Lime
SO2 explosion
AFEX
ARP
CAFI
PRETREATMENTS
pH controlled
Dilute Acid
Rocio Sierra
Effect of pretreatment
Effect of pretreatment
Laccase
Cultivos
Energticos
Recoleccin de
desechos
Hidrlisis enzimtica
y
Fermentacin
esterilizada
El proceso MixAlco
Conversin
Trmica
Pirlisis
Gasificacin
Infrastructura
de
Combustibl Distribucin
Distribucin
es
Energa
Bioproductos
(lneas,
carrotanques,
etc.)
Estaciones de
venta
Vehculos
BIOMASS REFINERY
Processes
Selected technologies
Oil Refinery
Routes to biofuel
Three routes
Routes to biofuel
Biodiesel Reactions
Esterification
Biodiesel Reactions
Biodiesel production
http://www.fedebiocombustibles.com/files/Cifras
%20Informativas%20del%20Sector
%20Biocombustibles%20-%20BIODIESEL(32).pdf
Biodiesel future
Green diesel
Hydrodeogenation
Sugarcane
Bioethanol reactions
http://www.fedebiocombustibles.co
m/files/Cifras%20Informativas
%20del%20Sector
%20Biocombustibles%20-
Corn
Fast pyrolysis
Fast Pyrolysis
Cha
r
Solid
Tar
Liquid
Gas
Gasification
Rangefuels
Fisher-Tropsch
Thermochemicalbiochemical
Coskata: Demostration
plant
http://www.coskata.com/facilities/index.asp?source=4ACD6CB3-881C-4F31-BFDE-ED3A413BD2CE
Acid Hydrolysis
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Biological conversion
http://www.mascoma.com/pages/
Metabolic engineering
Metabolic engineering
Metabolic engineering
Direct gasoline
http://www.codexis.com/
Direct gasoline
Virent technology
http://www.virent.com/technology/
ZeaChem
http://www.zeachem.com/technology/overvie
w.php
Terrabon
Biogas