HEALTH PROMOTION

HERQUTANTO
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
FKUI

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Health is a state of complete

physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
(WHO, 1948)
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Pengertian Kesehatan Manusia

(U-U RI, No.23 tahun 1992 tentang kesehatan)

Kesehatan adalah sejahtera dari badan, jiwa

dan sosial yang memungkinkan setiap orang
hidup produktif secara sosial dan ekonomis

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if there isnt enough money to pay for the rent or

food or clothes, then you cant begin to think of other
things. You have to have these things, like a roof over
your head, a job, for self-respect, a coat on your back
and food in the stomach. Ive good good health. Ive
not been in hospital, I dont take tablets, but thats not
health to me. Im sick because I have trouble paying
my bills, I have trouble feeding kids at times, so bodily
Im all right, but here (indicates head) Im terrible, cos
I worry and thats not health is it?

Durrant (1993, p98)

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SESSION OBJECTIVES
A complete understanding of health promotion
as a branch of knowledge that should be learnt
in relation to behavior change
Understand the role of behavior as an important
factor in determining the health status of an
individual and the community.
Understand several individual behavior model
such as Health Belief Model, Theory of
Planned Behavior, Health Action Model dll.
Understand the concept of primary prevention.

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POPULATION
(SIZE, DISTRIBUTION, GROWTH
RATE, GENE POOL)

AL
UR
LT
CU

HEREDITY

SY

M
SO

EXTERNAL, LIFE SPAN

DISEASES
INTERNAL
DISCOMFORT
SATISFACTIO L
A
N
CI
SO
MEDICAL
HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT
CARE
DISABILITY
RESERVE(WELL BEING)
SERVICES

EM
ST

L
RA
U
T
NA

U
SO
E
R

ES
C
R

IC
AT

NATURAL AND
MAN MADE,
ECONOMICS,
EDUCATION,
EMPLOYMENT, ECT
EC
O

LO
GI
C

ECOLOGICAL, PSYCHIC
SOCIAL,
INTERPERSON
AL BEHAVIOR
LIFE STYLES
BA
LA
NC

PARTICIPATION

PREVENTION,
CURE, CARE,
REHABILITATION

IN HEALTH CARE
HEALTH
BEHAVIOR

HU

N
A
M

S
TI
A
S

O
TI
C
FA

S
N

ATTITUDES, BEHAVIORS

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Periods of Pre-pathogenesis

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Periods of Pathogenesis

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Periods of Pre-pathogenesis

Periods of Pathogenesis

HEALTH PROMOTION
SPECIFIC PROTECTION
EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND
PROMT TREATMENT
DISABILITY LIMITATION
REHABILITATION

Primary Prevention
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Tertiary
Prevention

Secondary Prevention
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Health Promotion =
Health Education X
Healthy Public Policy

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HEALTH PROMOTION
The use of a combination of health education and
specific interventions, at the primary level of
prevention designed to facilitate behavioral and
environmental changes.
Health promotion aims at helping people change
their lifestyle through public participation in a
combination of efforts to enhance awareness and
create environments that support positive health
practices that may result in reducing health risks
in a population.
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THE HEALTH PROMOTION FRAMEWORK

CONTAINED IN THE OTTAWA CHARTER
BUILDING HEALTHY
PUBLIC POLICY

DEVELOP
PERSONAL
SKILLS

CREATE SUPPORTIVE
ENVIRONMENTS

HEALTH
PROMOTION
ACTION

STRENGHTEN
COMMUNITY
ACTION

REORIENTING
HEALTH
SERVICES

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THE OTTAWA CHARTER(86) AND CCHP(93):

PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH PROMOTION
Building/ Formulating healthy public policy
Develop personal skills/ Developing-Increasing personal
health skills.
Create/ Creating supportive environments.
Strengthen community action/ Empowering communities to
achieve well-being.
Reorienting health services. (same)
Building alliances with special emphasis on the media.

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THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

Individual Perceptions

Modifying Factors

Likelihood of Action

Age, Sex, Ethnicity

Personality
Socioeconomics
Knowledge

Perceived

Perceived Benefits
Vs Barriers to
Behavioral Change

Likelihood of
Behavioral Change

Perceived Threat
of Disease

Susceptibility/
Seriousness of
Disease

Cues to Action

Education

Symptoms

Media
Information

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THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

Behavioral Beliefs

Attitudes toward Health Action

Evaluation of
Behavioral Outcomes

BEHAVIORAL
INTENTION

HEALTH ACTION

Normative Beliefs
Subjective Norm

Motivation to
Comply

Control Beliefs

Perceived
Behavioral Control

Perceived Power
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STAGES OF CHANGE
Contemplation

Preparation
Relapse
Action

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Maintenance

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