ADO.NET Data Management Essentials

Data Management
ADO.NET
Technology Solutions Lab
Confidential and Proprietary
Agenda
Introduction to ADO.NET
Programming with ADO.NET
DAAB
Session Summary
What is ADO.NET?
Natural Evolution of ADO

Interoperability
Based on standards like XML, XSD
Scalability
Targets distributed, disconnected web scenarios
High-performance design
Optimized providers and Objects
ADO ADO .NET
RecordSet
DataReader
DataAdapter
DataSet
Command
Command
Connection
Connection
ADO.NET and the .NET Framework
Microsoft .NET Framework
Web Services
User Interface
Data and XML

ADO.NET
XML
...
...
Base Classes
Common Language Runtime
Managed Data Overview
Controls,
Designers,
Code-gen, etc
DataSet
DataAdapter
Sync
DataReader
Command
Connection
Managed Provider
XSL/T, X-Path,
Validation, etc
XmlDataDocument
XmlReader
XmlText- XmlNodeReader
Reader
ADO.NET in action
Windows Forms
DataSet
Business Tier
Web Forms
Internet
Intranet
DataSet
XML
Data Object (Class)

DataSet
Data Tier
Data Adapter
Data Adapter
Business to Business
(BizTalk, for example)

Namespace Organization
System.Data.SqlClient. Contains the SQL Server

.NET Data Provider types.
System.Data.OracleClient. Contains the Oracle

.NET Data Provider types
System.Data.OleDb. Contains the OLE DB .NET

Data Provider types.
System.Data.Odbc. Contains the ODBC .NET Data

Provider types.
System.Data. Contains provider-independent types

such as the DataSet and DataTable.
Data access stack
Agenda
DAAB
Session Summary
10

Managed Data Providers
ADO.NET relies on the services of .NET
data providers
SQL Server .NET Data Provider
Oracle .NET Data Provider
OLE DB .NET Data Provider
ODBC .NET Data Provider
Managed provider for retrieving XML from SQL Server
2000 (refer:http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?
url=/nhp/default.asp?contentid=28001300)
NET Data Provider Object Model

Connection
Command
DataReader :Like a recordset but Forward only and read only
DataAdapter: Transfers data between Database and Dataset
11

Connection
Represents A Connection To The Data

Source
On A Connection, You Can
Represent a unique session with a data source
Create, open, close a connection to a data source
ChangeDatabase, Connection pooling
Create a Command object associated with the

connection
CreateCommand
Begin, commit, and abort transactions
Equivalent To The ADODB.Connection

Object
12

Connection
Example:
//Specify the System.Data.SQL Namespace
//using System.Data.SqlClient
//Create an instance of an SqlConnection object
SqlConnection cnn = new SqlConnection();
//Set the connection string
cnn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=.;Initial
Catalog=Northwind;Integrated Security=SSPI";
//Open the Connection
cnn.Open();
13

Connection
Connection Pooling Example:
IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection();

conn.ConnectionString = Integrated Security=SSPI; Initial
Catalog=Northwind
conn.Open(); // Pool A is created;
Catalog=pubs
conn.Open(); // Pool B is created because connection
string is different
Catalog=Northwind
conn.Open(); // Uses Pool A
14

Command
Represents a query to execute on the data
source
May be a SQL statement or stored procedure
Properties of Interest:
Connection: Get or set the data source connection
CommandText: Get or set the query (text)
command
A SQL statement or the name of the stored procedure
CommandType: Get/set how the

command is interpreted
Text, StoredProcedure, or TableDirect

Note: TableDirect is only supported by the .NET
Framework Data Provider for OLE DB.
CommandTimeout: The seconds until

connection timeout
15

DataReader
Forward-only data access

Lightweight programming model
Less overhead than using DataAdapter
Instantiated & returned by
Command.ExecuteReader
Ties up the Command until it is finished reading
Allows Strongly-Typed Access
Example: GetDateTime, GetDouble, GetGuid, GetInt32
FieldCount: Returns the number of fields in the result set
RecordsAffected: Number of affected records
Is not set until all rows are read and you close the
DataReader
The number of rows changed, inserted, or deleted; 0 if no
rows were affected or the statement failed; and -1 for
SELECT statements.
IsClosed and RecordsAffected are the only properties that
you can call after the DataReader is closed.
16

DataReader
Methods to retrieve data:
By column type and/or index: GetValue; GetString; etc.

Read(): Advances reader to next record
NextResult(): Advanced to next result set in batch
GetValues(): Gets the current row
17

DataReader: Example
// Code for creating the OleDbConnection adoConn not shown

String myQuery = SELECT * FROM Customers;
adoConn.Open();
OleDbCommand myCmd = new OleDbCommand( myQuery,adoConn );
// Declare the OleDbDataReader &
// then instantiate it with ExecuteReader(...) ...
OleDbDataReader reader = myCmd.ExecuteReader();
// Always call Read before accessing data.
while( reader.Read() )
{
Object [] cols = new Object[10] ;
reader.GetValues( cols );
Console.WriteLine( cols[0].ToString() + " | " + cols[1] );
}
// Always Close the reader and the connection when done
reader.Close();
adoConn.Close();
18

DataAdapter
Bridge between the DataSet and the data store

Means to modify the DataSet and data source
DataAdapter
Data store
SelectCommand
InsertCommand
UpdateCommand
DeleteCommand
DataSet
TableMappings
19

DataAdapter
RowUpdated, RowUpdating event handlers

ptovides facility to access the row before
updating and after updating
MissingMappingAction
Determines the action to take when incoming
data does not have a matching table or column

Passthrough, Ignore, Error
MissingSchemaAction
Determines the action to take when existing
DataSet schema does not match incoming data.

Add, AddWithKey, Ignore, Error
20

DataSet
In memory store for client

data
Relational view of data
Tables, Columns, Rows
Constraints, Relations
DataSet
Tables
Table
Columns
Column
Persist Data And Schema

As XML
Explicit Disconnected
Model
Constraints
Constraint
Rows
Row
Disconnected, remotable object

Relations
Relation
21

DataSet
DataSet
Tables
DataTable
DataView
DataRow(s)
Relations
DataRelation
DataRelation
DataColumn
Constraint(s)
DataViewManager
DataTable
DataTable
22

DataSet Life cycle
Connected
Operations
DataSet
Table1
Extracts tables
With Managed
Provider
Original
DataStore
Table2
Disconnected
Operations
Resolves changes
Sets up
relationships
with Managed
Provider
DataSet
DataSet
Table1
Table1
Makes changes
to data
Table2
Table2
23

DataSet DataTable
May be mapped to a physical table in the
data source
Can be related to one another through
DataRelations
Optimistic concurrency or locking - model
Columns: Returns ColumnsCollection of DataColumns
Rows: Returns DataRow objects as a RowsCollection
ParentRelations: Returns the RelationsCollection
Constraints: Returns the tables
ConstraintsCollection
DataSet: Returns the DataSet of the DataTable
PrimaryKey: Gets the DataColumns that make up
the tables primary key
24

DataSet DataTable Example
Create a DataTable and add it to a

DataSet
ds = new DataSet();
DataSet
// Create DataTable object: Customers.

DataTable dt= new DataTable( Customers );
// Create and add columns to the table
// 1. Explicitly create and Add a DataColumn
DataColumn dc;
dc = new DataColumn( CustID, Type.GetType("System.Int16"));
dt.Columns.Add( dc );
// 2. Implicitly Create and Add columns (DataColumn).
dt.Columns.Add( First_Name,Type.GetType("System String));
dt.Columns.Add( Last_Name, Type.GetType("System String));
// Add the DataTable object to the DataSet
ds.Tables.Add( dt );
25
DataSet Optimistic concurrency Example
SqlConnection nwindConn = new SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial

Catalog=northwind");
SqlDataAdapter custDA = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName FROM Customers ORDER BY
CustomerID", nwindConn);
// The Update command checks for optimistic concurrency violations in the WHERE clause.
custDA.UpdateCommand = new SqlCommand("UPDATE Customers (CustomerID, CompanyName) VALUES(@CustomerID,
@CompanyName) " +
"WHERE CustomerID = @oldCustomerID AND CompanyName = @oldCompanyName", nwindConn);
custDA.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar, 5, "CustomerID");
custDA.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 30, "CompanyName");
// Pass the original values to the WHERE clause parameters.
SqlParameter myParm;
myParm = custDA.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@oldCustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar, 5, "CustomerID");
myParm.SourceVersion = DataRowVersion.Original;
myParm = custDA.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@oldCompanyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 30, "CompanyName");
myParm.SourceVersion = DataRowVersion.Original;
// Add the RowUpdated event handler.
custDA.RowUpdated += new SqlRowUpdatedEventHandler(OnRowUpdated);
DataSet custDS = new DataSet();
custDA.Fill(custDS, "Customers");
// Modify the DataSet contents.
custDA.Update(custDS, "Customers");
foreach (DataRow myRow in custDS.Tables["Customers"].Rows)
{
if (myRow.HasErrors)
Console.WriteLine(myRow[0] + "\n" + myRow.RowError);
}
protected static void OnRowUpdated(object sender, SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs args)
{
if (args.RecordsAffected == 0)
{
args.Row.RowError = "Optimistic Concurrency Violation Encountered";
args.Status = UpdateStatus.SkipCurrentRow;
}
}
26
DataSet DataTable Relations:DataRelation object
Used to create logical relations between
your data
Create relations between two (2) DataTable objects
Requires a DataColumn object from each DataTable
The DataType of both DataColumns must be the
same
Cannot relate a Int32 DataColumn and a String
DataColumn
The relation is named (by you!)
DataRelation dr=new DataRelation( myRelation,...)
RelationsCollection used to hold/group
them
Accessed through the DataSets Relations property
27
DataSet DataTable Relations:DataRelation object
Example
// Building on the DataTable example earlier...
// Get the DataTable DataColumns we want to relate...
DataColumn parentCol, childCol;
parentCol=
DataSet.Tables["Customers"].Columns["CustID"];
childCol = DataSet.Tables["Orders].Columns["CustID"];
// Create DataRelation with the name CustomerOrders...
DataRelation dr = new DataRelation("CustomersOrders",
parentCol,
childCol);
// Add the relation to the DataSet...
ds.Relations.Add( dr );
28

DataSet and XML
DataSet can read/write XML for its data and/or

schema
You can create or modify data in a DataSet using XML

You can create or modify the DataSets schema using XML
XML-related DataSet methods for reading:
ReadXml: Reads an XML schema and data into the DataSet

ReadXmlSchema: Reads an XML schema into the DataSet
And for writing:
WriteXml, WriteXmlSchema
GetXml, GetXmlSchema
Namespace property:
The Namespace property is used when reading and writing

an XML document into the DataSet
Full support for DiffGrams
A DiffGram is an XML format that is used to identify

current and original versions of data elements
29

DataSet and XML: Example
// Code for creating the DataSet mds and loading the

// DataSet from a data source not shown.
String oFile = C:\\My_ADO.NET\\myXmlOutput.xsd;
String iFile = C:\\My_ADO.NET\\myXmlInput.xml;
// Write the DataSets XMLSchema to an XML Document
mds.WriteXmlSchema( oFile );
// Read/Upload XML Data into the DataSet
mds.ReadXml( iFile);
// modify the data
// ...
// Write the existing Data to an XML Document
mds.WriteXml( "C:\\My_ADO.NET\\myXmlData.xml",
XmlWriteMode.DiffGram);
30

DataSet and XmlDataDocument
Exposes relational view over structured

XML
Allows strong typing, control binding,
relational access of XML data
Allows XML tools (schema validation,
XSL/T, XPath queries) against relational
data
Preserves full fidelity of XML Document
31

DataSet and XmlDataDocument
32
DataSet and XmlDataDocument : Example
// Associate an XmlDataDocument with the DataSet

XmlDataDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDataDocument(pubs);
// Get an XmlNavigator for the XmlDataDocument
DataDocumentNavigator xmlNavigator = new
DataDocumentNavigator(xmlDocument);
// Get all the authors from CA
xmlNavigator.Select("//Authors[state='CA']/au_lname");
// Write out all of the authors' last names
while(xmlNavigator.MoveToNextSelected())
{
Console.WriteLine("Name = " + xmlNavigator.InnerText);
}
//As usual, you can navigate the data using the DataSet
DataRow row;
foreach(row in xmlDocument .DataSet.Tables[0].Rows)
{
Console.WriteLine(row[1]) ; //prints au_lname
}
33
DataSet and XmlDataDocument : Example
Populate DataSet with XML Document

DataSet RegionDS = new DataSet();
RegionDS.ReadXmlSchema( "Region_More.XSD" );
XmlDataDocument DataDoc = new

XmlDataDocument( RegionDS );
DataDoc.Load("Region_More.XML" );
//Now RegionDS contains data loaded from XML file
34

DataViews
DataSet
Tables
DataTable
Relations
DataRelation
DataRelation
DataView
DataRow(s)
DataViewManag
er
DataColumn
DataViewSettings
Constraint(s)
DataViewSetting
DataViewSetting
DataTable
DataTable
35

DataViews: Viewing Data
Create multiple views on DataTable objects

Bindable to user interface controls
Table: Retrieves or sets the associated DataTable
Sort: Gets or sets the tables sort columns and sort
order
RowFilter: Gets or sets the expression used to filter
rows
RowStateFilter: Gets or sets the row state filter
None, Unchanged, New, Deleted, ModifiedCurrent, and
others
36

DataViews: Viewing Data: Example
// Code for myTable Customers with Name column not

shown
DataView view1 = new DataView( myTable );
DataView view2 = new DataView( myTable );
// Creates Ascending view of Customers by Name
view1.Sort = Name ASC;
// Set the view to show only modified (original) rows
view2.RowStateFilter=
DataViewRowState.ModifiedOriginal;
// Bind to UI element(s)...
DataGrid myGrid = new DataGrid();
myGrid.SetDataBinding( view1, Customer);
//...
37
DataViews: Viewing More Data : DataViewManager
Similar to a DataView but DataSet oriented

Used to create multiple views on a DataSet
Ability to automatically set filters on the tables
DataViewSettings: Gets the DataView for on each
DataTable
DataSet: Gets or sets the DataSet to be viewed
CreateDataView method
Creates a DataView on a DataTable
38
DataViews: DataViewManager : Example
// Create the DataViewManager & views...

DataViewManager dvMgr = new DataViewManager( myDS );
dvMgr.CreateDataView( ds.Tables[Orders"] );
dvMgr.DataViewSettings[Orders"].Sort = CustID ASC";
dvMgr.CreateDataView( ds.Tables[Customers"] );
dvMgr.DataViewSettings[Customers"].Sort = Name DESC";
// Bind to a UI elements/controls...
dataGrid1.DataSource = viewMgr;
dataGrid1.DataMember = "Table1";
dataGrid2.DataSource = viewMgr;
dataGrid2.DataMember = "Table2";
// Update the control with the data...
dataGrid1.Update();
dataGrid2.Update();
39

Paging: Examples
1. adpter.Fill(ds,startrecord, maxrecords,sourceTableName)
2. switch (direction) //Next, Previous
{
case "Next":
selCmd.CommandText = "SELECT TOP " + pageSize + " CustomerID, CompanyName FROM
Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID > @CustomerId ORDER BY CustomerID";
selCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.VarChar, 5).Value = lastVisibleCustomer;
break;
case "Previous":
Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID < @CustomerId ORDER BY CustomerID DESC";
selCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.VarChar, 5).Value = firstVisibleCustomer;
break;
default:
Customers ORDER BY CustomerID";
// Determine total pages.
SqlCommand totCMD = new SqlCommand("SELECT Count(*) FROM Customers", nwindConn);
nwindConn.Open();
int totalRecords = (int)totCMD.ExecuteScalar();
nwindConn.Close();
totalPages = (int)Math.Ceiling((double)totalRecords / pageSize);
break;
}
40
Agenda
DAAB
Session Summary
41
DAAB
42
DAAB
SqlHelper class
provides a set of static methods that you can use to
execute a variety of different command types against

a SQL Server database.
SqlHelperParameterCache class
provides command parameter caching functionality
used to improve performance. This is used internally

by a number of the Execute methods (specifically, the
overloads that are designed to execute only stored
procedures). It can also be used directly by the data
access client to cache specific parameter sets for
specific commands.
Uses sp_procedure_params_rowset procedure
URL: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?
url=/library/en-us/dnbda/html/daab-rm.asp
43
Agenda
DAAB
Session Summary
44
Session Summary
Bflex applications Architecture Overview

User / Browser
ASP.NET
IIS
Web
EAF
DataAccess
DAL1
DAAB
Base Components
BusinessRules
ADO.NET
Database
45
Session Summary
A natural evolution of ADO

Designed to work with XML
Closely integrated with the .NET
Framework
Provides fast and efficient mechanisms for
connected and disconnected data access
46

ADO.NET Data Management Essentials

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Data Management

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Natural Evolution of ADO

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Microsoft .NET Framework

Data and XML

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Confidential and Proprietary

Data Object (Class)

(BizTalk, for example)

Confidential and Proprietary

System.Data.SqlClient. Contains the SQL Server

System.Data.OracleClient. Contains the Oracle

System.Data.OleDb. Contains the OLE DB .NET

System.Data.Odbc. Contains the ODBC .NET Data

System.Data. Contains provider-independent types

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Programming with ADO.NET

ADO.NET relies on the services of .NET

NET Data Provider Object Model

Confidential and Proprietary

Programming with ADO.NET

Represents A Connection To The Data

Create a Command object associated with the

Begin, commit, and abort transactions

Equivalent To The ADODB.Connection

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Programming with ADO.NET

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Programming with ADO.NET

Connection Pooling Example:

IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection();

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Programming with ADO.NET

Represents a query to execute on the data

A SQL statement or the name of the stored procedure

CommandType: Get/set how the

Text, StoredProcedure, or TableDirect

CommandTimeout: The seconds until

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Programming with ADO.NET

Forward-only data access

Instantiated & returned by

Technology Solutions Lab

Confidential and Proprietary

Programming with ADO.NET

Methods to retrieve data: