Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Objectives of Presentation
Introduce and describe hydraulic
fracturing
Present environmental concerns
Discuss best management practices
US Shale Plays
Haynesville
o Texas, Louisiana
o Natural Gas
Marcellus
o Pennsylvania, Ohio,
New York, West
Virginia
o Natural Gas
Woodford
o Oklahoma
o Oil and Natural Gas
Pressure zones
Ground Water Areas
Production
Fracturing Fluid
98-99.5% Water and Sand
The other 0.5-2%:
o
o
Proppant
Sand pumped down hole is known as
proppant
o
Untreated sand
Resin-coated Sand
Coated for strength in harsh conditions
Ceramic
Artificial Proppant, very strong at high pressures
Said to be in shortage, more using resin-coated sand
Chemical Additives
Common Additives include:
Acids, Biocides, Gelling Agents, pH Adjusting
Agents, Corrosion Inhibitors, Iron Control, Clay
Stabilizer, Acid Inhibitor
o Other additives could be used depending on
well characteristics
o Additives considered harmful are often found
in household items
o
Environmental Concerns
Chemical concerns
o
o
EPA Study
Looking into groundwater protection
Major areas of study include:
o
o
o
o
o
Water acquisition
Chemical Mixing
Well Injection
Flowback and Produced Water
Wastewater treatment/disposal
Chesapeake Energy
Refracturing wells
o
Pad Drilling
o
Centralized Fracturing
o
October 2009
Refracturing Wells
Used to restimulate wells with production
slowed
Reduces surface area taken by taking
away need for new well for oil and gas
85% of success found in 15% of total
wells drilled
o
Environmentally friendly
Economically efficient
Economically Efficient
Water usage is reduced
Truck mileage is also reduced
Companies who have drilled similar wells
using CLF have saved about $10,000 in
overall expenses compared to
conventional drilling
Pad Drilling
Drills multiple wells from single pad site
Allows for centralized fracturing
o
Centralized Fracturing
Fracing multiple wells on a site from a single,
central pad
o
o
Conclusion
Hydraulic fracturing is the future of the energy
industry
There are environmental risks involved
BMPs could be the answer to put unease at
rest
When used in combination, BMPs can be
even more effective.
Questions?