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PROBLEM 1

GI SYSTEM BLOCK
MIA NOVITA SARI
405130181

Glossitis
Definition

Glossitis is a problem in which the tongue is swollen


and changes color, often making the surface of the
tongue appear smooth. (*)

Etiology

Allergic reactions to oralcare products, foods, or


medicine
Dry mouth due to Sjogren syndrome
Infection from bacteria, yeast or viruses (including
oral herpes)
Injury (such as from burns, rough teeth, or badfitting dentures0
Skin conditions that affect the mouth
Irritants such as tobacco, alcohol, hot foods, spices,
or other irritants
Hormonal factors. (*)

Sign &
Symptoms

Problems chewing, swallowing, or speaking


Smooth surface of the tongue
Sore, tender, or swollen tongue

Treatmen
ts

Good oral care. Brush your teeth thoroughly at


least twice a day and floss at least once a day.
Antibiotics or other medicines to treat infection.
Diet changes and supplements to treat nutrition
problems.
Avoiding irritants (such as hot or spicy foods,
alcohol, and tobacco) to ease discomfort. (*)

Prognosis Good oral care (thorough tooth brushing and


flossing and regular dental checkups) may help
prevent glossitis(*)

Mouth Ulcers
Definition

Canker sores or mouth ulcers are normally small


lesions that develop in your mouth or at the base of
your gums. They are annoying and can make eating,
drinking, and talking uncomfortable. (*)

Etiology

Canker sores, Gingivostomatitis, Herpes simplex (fever


blister), Leukoplakia, Oral cancer, Oral lichen planus,
Oralthrush. (**)

Sign &
Symptoms

A painful sore or sores inside your mouth -- on


thetongue, on the soft palate (the back portion of the
roof of your mouth), or inside your cheeks
A tingling or burning sensation before the sores appear
Sores in your mouth that are round, white or gray, with
a red edge or border
In severe canker sore attacks, you may also
experience: Fever, Physical sluggishness, Swollen
lymph nodes (***)

Types of Mouth Ulcers


Simple canker sores.These may
appear three or four times a year and
last up to a week. They typically
occur in people between 10 and 20
years of age.
Complex canker sores.These are
less common and occur more often in
people who have previously had
them.

Mouth ulcers also can be a sign of


conditions that are more serious and
require medical treatment, such as:
celiac disease (a condition in which the
body is unable to tolerate gluten)
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Bechets disease (a condition that causes
inflammation throughout the body)
a malfunctioning immune system that
causes your body to attack the healthy
mouth cells instead of viruses and bacteria
HIV/AIDs

Treatments of Mouth Ulcers


TREATMENTS
using a rinse of
saltwater and baking
soda
covering mouth ulcers
with baking soda paste
using over-the-counter
benzocaine products like
Orajel or Anbesol
applying ice to canker
sores
using mouth rinse that
contains a steroid to
reduce pain and swelling

placing damp tea bags on


your mouth ulcer
cauterizing or burn sealing
the tissue with a chemical
cauterizer like silver
nitrate
taking nutritional
supplements like folic
acid, vitamin B6, vitamin
B12, and zinc
trying natural remedies
such as chamomile tea,
echinacea, myrrh, and
licorice
using oral steroids

Mouth Ulcers
Complication

Prevention

Cellulitis of the mouth,


from secondary bacterial
infection of ulcers
Dental infections (tooth
abscesses)
Oral cancer
Spread of contagious
disorders to other people

There are steps you can take to reduce


the occurrence of mouth ulcers.
Avoiding foods that irritate your mouth
can be helpful. That includes :
Acidic fruits like pineapple, grapefruit,
oranges, or lemon, as well as nuts,
chips, or anything spicy. Instead,
choose whole grains and alkaline
(nonacidic) fruits and vegetables.
Try to avoid talking while you are
chewing your food. Reducing stress and
maintaining good oral hygiene and
brushing after meals
Soft bristle toothbrushes and
mouthwashes that contain sodium
lauryl sulfate.

Oral Candidiasis
Definition A condition in which candida albicans accumulates
on the lining of your mouth. (*)
Symptom -Creamy white lesions on your tounge, inner cheeks,
s
and sometimes on The roof of your mouth, gums,
and tonsils
- A cottage cheese-like appearance
- Redness or soreness
- Slight bleeding
- Cracking and redness at the corner of your mouth
- A cottony feeling in your mouth
- Loss of taste (**)
-Some health conditions HIV/AIDS, cancer, DM,
Risk
Factors
vaginal yeast
Infections
- Undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment
for cancer
- Wearing dentures

Diagnosis

Limited to your mouth looking at the lesions


In your esophagus throat culture (swabbed with
sterile cotton), endoscopic exam (*)

Treatment - Patient with late-stage HIV infection amfotericin


B
- Practice good oral hygiene
- Try warm saltwater rinses. (**)
Preventio
n

Rinse your mouth


Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss daily
Clean your dentures
See your dentist regularly
Watch what you eat
Maintain good blood sugar control if you have DM
Treat any vaginal yeast infections (***)

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