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6 up to sample (238-9)
1. Define
Answers
1)
Yield: the amount of product
Theoretical yield: the amount of product we expect,
based on stoichiometric calculations
Actual yield: amount of product from a procedure
or experiment (this is given in the question)
Percent yield:
actual yield
x 100%
theoretical yield
2)
Not all product is recovered (e.g. spattering)
Reactant impurities (e.g. weigh out 100 g of
chemical which has 20 g of junk)
A side reaction occurs (e.g. MgO vs. Mg 3N2)
The reaction does not go to completion
Sample problem
Q - What is the % yield of H2O if 138 g H2O is
produced from 16 g H2 and excess O2?
Step 1: write the balanced chemical equation
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Step 2: determine actual and theoretical yield.
Actual is given, theoretical is calculated:
% yield =
actual
138 g H2O
=
x 100%
x 100%
theoretical
143 g H2O
96.7%
Practice problem
Q - What is the % yield of NH3 if 40.5 g NH3 is
produced from 20.0 mol H2 and excess N2?
Step 1: write the balanced chemical equation
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
Step 2: determine actual and theoretical yield.
Actual is given, theoretical is calculated:
17.04 g NH3 =
227 g
1 mol NH3
40.5 g NH3
x 100% = 17.8%
227 g NH3
Answers
4) 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
a)
b)
actual
x g O2
=
x 100%
x 100% = 78.5%
theoretical
1.958 g O2
x g O2 = 78.5% x 1.958 g O2 = 1.537 g O2
100%
% yield =
Challenging question
2H2 + O2 2H2O
What is the % yield of H2O if 58 g H2O are
produced by combining 60 g O2 and 7.0 g H2?
Hint: determine limiting reagent first
actual
58 g H2O
=
x 100%
x 100%
theoretical
62.4 g H2O
92.9%
2.
3.
5.
Q1
1. The electrolysis of water forms H2 & O2.
2H2O 2H2 + O2
Give the percent yield of O2 if 12.3 g O2 is
produced from the decomp. of 14 g H2O?
Actual yield is given: 12.3 g O2
Next, calculate theoretical yield
# g O2=
14.0 g H2O x 1 mol H2O x 1 mol O2 x 32 g O2 = 12.43 g
18.02 g H2O 2 mol H2O 1 mol O2
Finally, calculate % yield
% yield =
actual
12.3 g O2
=
x 100%
x 100%
theoretical
12.43 g O2
98.9%
Q2
2. 107 g of oxygen is produced by heating
300 grams of potassium chlorate.
2KClO3 2KCI + 3O2
Actual yield is given: 107 g O2
Next, calculate theoretical yield
# g O2=
300 g KClO3
91.1%
Q3
3. What is % yield of ferrous sulfide if 3 mol
Fe produce 220 grams of ferrous sulfide?
Fe + S FeS
Actual yield is given: 220 g FeS
Next, calculate theoretical yield
# g FeS=3.00 mol Fe x 1 mol FeS x 87.91 g FeS= 263.7 g
1 mol Fe 1 mol FeS
Finally, calculate % yield
83.4%
200 g O2
1 mol O2
32 g O2
2 mol Fe2O3
11 mol O2
x 159.7 g Fe2O3
1 mol Fe2O3
=
181.48 g Fe2O3
% yield = actual x 100% = 143 g Fe2O3 x 100% = 78.8%
theoretical
181.48 g Fe2O3
# g Cl2=
70.9 g Cl2
1 mol Cl2
57.08 g Cl2