Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONTRIBUTIONS OF WOMEN
TO HEALTH AND THE HEALTH SECTOR
Maternal Newborn Health and Sustainable Development:
What Can We Learn from Women and Health?
Global Maternal Newborn Health Conference
Mexico City, October 19, 2015
Women produce
the majority of health care
- paid & unpaid
Outline
Women in transition
The framework: measuring myriad
contributions of women to health and the
health sector
The economic value of women's
contributions to health & the health sector
Global & Mexico
Ireland
UK
Germany
Hungary
Norway
Poland
Bulgaria
Netherlands
France
Romania
Spain
Greece
1950
Canada
Czech Republic
Cuba
South Africa
Argentina
Panama
Italy
Mexico
14
Peru
Uruguay
Portugal
China
Nicaragua
Turkey
India
Pakistan
Benin
12
10
Panama
Jamaica
Ecuador
Paraguay
Trinidad & T.
El Salvador
Nicaragua
Colombia
United States
Argentina
Men
Uruguay
200
Guyana
Canada
Dominican Rep.
Peru
Costa Rica
Guatemala
Honduras
Venezuela
Brasil
Mexico
(Latin
America, 1960 2010)
300
Women
Average
100
40
Canada
Czech
Republi
c
Denmark
30
Israel
20
Portugal
United
Kingdom
United States
2012
2010
2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
10
1980
60
Men
No.
No.
1901 - 1920
101
4%
1921 - 1940
99
5%
1941 - 1960
113
4%
1961 - 1980
176
3%
1981 - 2000
11
286
4%
2001 - 2014
17
147
10%
Period
47
922
women/t
otal
Women
Outline
Women in transition
Discriminati
on
Data: 32 countries
Employment and time use survey data for
Canada, Spain, Turkey, Mexico and Peru
Published reports of results of Time Use
Surveys for 27 countries
Represents 52% of the global population
Low income, 4%
Lower middle income, 91%
Upper middle income, 17%
High income, 33%
Outline
Women in transition
The framework: measuring myriad
contributions of women to health and the
health sector
PAID:
51.2%
UNPAID:
48.8%
2.43%
2.85%
Unpaid
Paid
Wages reported
in the survey
Lower bound
2.35%
2.47%
$1.49
$1.56
2.27%
0
2.17%
2
3.1%
Wages reported in
the survey
2.4%
T$1.5
$T4.5
4.0%
2.5%
T$1.6
T$3.1
Unpaid
Based on Country
Minimum Wage
1.1%
0
2.5%
2
$T2.8
Paid
6
Adjusted by social
Benefits package
and sex differences
Wages reported
in the survey
Canada
1.6
Spain
1.3
Turkey 0.4 0.4
Mexico
1.6
Peru
0.3
Paid
Unpaid
0.7
0.2
6.2
2.9
Canada
Spain
Turkey
Mexico
Peru
1.8
2.1
0.9 0.9
3.1
2.2
0.5 0.5
10
Paid
Voluntary
Women: B$13.6
8.1
0.032
10.9
0.026
5.
0
3.
8
1.0% GDP
7.8
1.6% GDP
5.8
Men: B$8.8
What
are the
men
doing?
7.2 hours
2.3 29)
(of
3.4%
GDP
2.3 hours
1.1%
GDP
4.6%
GDP
=
$ 47 b
What
about
girls
<15?
MEN
Work outside
of the home
20
R&R
WOMEN
Domestic work
12
hours/da
y
Source: Own estimates based on INEGI 2012 and CEPAL..
56
r? r?
&
t
s
e
R 6 /da
s
r
u
o
y
h
41
41
42
Women's Contributions
to Health and the Economy - the choice:
Do we aspire to a Virtuous or a Vicious Cycle?
Virtuous Cycle
Healthy women
invest time
effectively in
producing health
and preventing
disease
Healthy and more
education
women women
produce more
health care
More economic
growth means
more money to
invest in health
and human
development
More health is
produced for men,
women and children
Vicious Cycle
Unhealthy women
invest time ineffectively
in an attempt to prevent
disease and loss of life
Unhealthy, poor,
More equal
disenfranchised
opportunitie
women produce
s
Children learn
less health care
better and adults
are more
productive
Less
health for
men,
women
and
children
Unhealthy children
learn less and
adults are less
productive
Suboptimal
development
of human
capital
Inequality of
opportunities
More
poverty
Less money to
invest in health
and human
development