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Efficient and Effective

Speaking in English

DANKA DRAI
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
TEACHER

Webinar outline
2

Efficient and Effective Speaking in English


Communication Techniques in the Workplace
Ways to Communicate Effectively With Your Team
Better Public Speaking
Essential skills Every Public Speaker should have
How to Improve Oral Communication Skills in

English
How to Communicate Effectively at Work
The negotiation process

Presentation outline
3

Efficient and Effective Speaking in English


Types of Business Communication
Language Learning Principle
How to Speak about Advantages and

Disadvantages

Self-assessment for speaking


4

1. What is going to be the most interesting for me

at this webinar is....

Self-assessment for speaking


5

2. After this webinar I will be satisfied if I....

Self-assessment for speaking


6

3. I hope it will not.....

Discussion 1- What is communication?


7

What is communication?
8

Communication is the exchange of ideas, opinions

and information through written or spoken words,


symbols or actions.
Communication is a dialogue, not a monologue.
Business communication can also refer to how
a company or institution shares information
to promote its product or services to
potential consumers/clients.

Business communication
9

In business communication, message is conveyed


through various channels of communication
including:
internet
print (publications)
radio
television
face to face

Discussion 2
10

Which types of business communication do you

prefer and why? Support your response.

Types of Business Communication


11

Internal Communication- includes all

communication within an organization.


It may be informal, formal function or department
providing communication in various forms to
employees.
External Communication- Communication with

people outside the company is called external


communication. Supervisors communicate with
sources outside the organization, such as
vendors/suppliers and customers.

Internal Communication
12

Upward Communication
Exchange information
Offer ideas
Express enthusiasm
Achieve job satisfaction
Provide feedback
Downward Communication
Transmit vital information
Give instructions
Encourage 2-way discussion
Announce decisions
Seek cooperation
Provide motivation
Boost morale
Increase efficiency
Obtain feedback

Internal Communication
13

Horizontal/Literal communication

Solving problems
Accomplishing tasks
Improving teamwork
Building goodwill
Boosting efficiency

External Communication
14

It leads to better:

Sales volume
Public credibility
Operational efficiency
Company profits

It should improve:

Overall performance
Public goodwill
Corporate image

It helps to achieve:

Organizational goals
Customer satisfaction

Quiz 1
15

Successful Oral Communication With Intercultural


Audiences
16

Use simple English


Speak slowly and clearly
Encourage accurate feedback
Check frequently for comprehension
Observe eye messages
Accept blame
Smile when appropriate
Follow up in writing

Effective Communication In The Workplace


For Motivation, Solutions And Success
17

There are many potential problems that can be

caused by poor communication skills.


Increased amount of employee turnover, high
amounts of call outs, poor customer service skills,
diminished productivity and the lack of focus.
Not enough face to face interactions.

Tools for speaking


18

Conversation is a complex activity, even in our first language,


and can cause difficulties for either speaker or listener:
(1) As a speaker you may not remember the exact word or

expression= you need to adopt one of a set of


communication strategies, which involve finding
another way of expressing the desired meaning in a
different form.
(2) When you are listening, you may not understand - or
hear - the speaker, so you have to signal that there is a
problem-this refers to this as conversational repair.

Communication strategies
19
Approximation

Use a more general or related word; e.g. 'animal' instead of 'rabbit'


Paraphrase

Describe the appearance or function of the word;


e.g. 'He cleaned the house with a... it s the thing that pulls the air'
*vacuum cleaner
Invention

Invent a word made from second language;


e.g. 'picture place' instead of 'art gallery'
Mime/gesture

Demonstrate the meaning with your hands, e.g. clapping to show 'applause'
Appeal for help

Ask the other person for help: e.g. 'What do you call...?

Conversational repair
20
Confirmation check e.g. So he didnt win, then?
Listener makes sure they have understood what speaker means
Comprehension check e.g. Do you follow me?, or Ok?
Speaker makes sure that listener has understood
Clarification request e.g. When you say so-so, what do you mean?, Pardon?
Listener asks Speaker to repeat, explain or rephrase
Repetition
Listener or speaker repeats their own (or the others) words
Reformulation e.g. So-so in other words, not very good
Speaker rephrases the content of what they have said
Completion
Listener completes speakers utterance
Backtracking
Speaker returns to a point in the conversation, up to which they believe that listener has
understood

Quiz 2
21

Language Learning Principle


22

1. Keep the conversation going

RESOURCES
Audio recorder -A digital audio recorder is an
excellent resource for getting more familiar with
spoken English. It enables you not only to listen
again to other speakers, but also to record yourself
speaking English.
Television / DVD - TV and video enable you to
exploit the visual element that is essential in face-toface communication.
Practice in front of the mirror.

Language Learning Principle


23

2. Learn some lines as wholes


The 'lines' in this case are phrases and expressions that you

notice people using and which you can absorb into your
own English

The examples: Opening expressions


I'll always remember the time when...
Did I ever tell you about...
Did I ever tell you the one about...
Then there was the time...
I must tell you about...
Have you heard the one about...
You'll never guess what happened yesterday...
I heard a good one the other day...

Language Learning Principle


24

3. Make the most of your opportunities


actively look for chances to practise your spoken

English
record and analyse the language that people use in
informal talk
listen carefully to what the other people in the
conversation

Discussion 3:
25

Which learning principles do you use and why?


Give the reasons for your response.

Quiz 3
26

How to speak about advantages and


disadvantages
27

Pros

Cons

Benefits

Drawbacks

Positive aspects

Negative aspects

Plus points

Minus points

Pluses

Minuses

Upside

Downside

Examples
28

What are the advantages and disadvantages of this

new law?
Lets discuss the pros and cons of the marketing
campaign.
Lets list the benefits and the drawbacks of the
proposed policy.
The article discusses the positive and the negative
aspects of the recent political changes.

Examples
29

Lets compare the plus points and the minus points

of the newly released products.


Lets contrast the pluses and minuses of private
school education.
There is always an upside and downside of every
decision or change in life.

Quiz 4
30

Presentation outline
31

How to Possess Good Communication

Skills in the Workplace


Ways to Communicate Effectively
Tips to Improve Oral Communication
How to Communicate Effectively at Work
Barriers to Effective Interpersonal
Communication

Discussion 4
32

What makes a good communicator? Give reasons

and details to support your response.

Good Communication Skills in the


Workplace
33

Step 1- Work on clear and concise verbal

communication
Step 2- Read everything you write aloud before
sending it
Step 3- Practice open body language
Step 4 - Listen as well as talk
Step 5 - Attend a public speaking course or lecture

Discussion 5
34

Now, could you say for yourself that you are a good

communicator? Why yes and why not?


What are the steps you should focus on in the
future?

20 Ways to Communicate Effectively


With Your Team
35

Its not what you say, but how you say it.
Communication is what separates a poor leader

from an exceptional one.


Having effective communication skills is the key to
good leadership.
When you communicate well with your team, it
helps to eliminate misunderstandings and can
encourage a healthy and peaceful work
environment.

Discussion 6
36

Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember,

involve me and I learn.Benjamin Franklin


Do you agree or disagree with this statement and why?

Ways to Communicate Effectively in


the Workplace
37

1. Open Meeting
2. Emails
3. One on One
4. Use Presentations
5. Communication via Training
6. Display Confidence and Seriousness
7. Use Simple Words
8. Use Visuals
9. Listen to Your Team Members
10. Use Body Language

Discussion 7
38

Do you already use some of these tips during your

communication and which ones?


Give an example.

Ways to Communicate Effectively in


the Workplace
39

11. Act Out Your Message


12. Use The Appropriate Tone of Voice
13. Avoid Unnecessary Repetition
14. Create a Receptive Atmosphere
15. Be Humorous
16. Be Articulate
17. Avoid Mumbling
18. Encourage Feedback
19. Gesticulate
20. Be Appreciative

Discussion 8
40

Which of these ways do you use to communicate

effectively in the workplace?


Give the reasons for it.
Do you have your own ways of improving
communication?

Tips to improve oral communication


41

1. Improve your pronunciation. Choose one standard

accent (American, British or Australian) and attempt


to imitate the pronunciation.
2. Build your vocabulary. Memorize words that are
important for you.
3. Learn and practice transitional phrases. Phrases
that connect thoughts and ideas can improve the flow
of your speech.
"I usually work on Fridays; however, I am normally
free on Saturdays.
4. Practice with native speakers if you have a chance

Quiz 5
42

Discussion 9
43

Do you have a problem to communicate with your

colleagues at work? Give the reasons for your


response.

How to Communicate Effectively at


Work
44

Be completely honest, even if it doesn't paint you in the

best light.
Make yourself aware of how your approach, tone of
voice and mannerisms affect your co-workers.
Maintain eye contact with the person to assure them
that you're listening attentively.
Leave a line of communication open so you will be able
to handle problems before they escalate.
Familiarize yourself with your co-workers' non-verbal
signs so you will be able to tailor your behaviour
accordingly.

Discussion 10
45

What could be the barriers to effective

communication in your opinion? Give an example.

Barriers to effective interpersonal


communication
46

Stress and out-of-control emotion


Lack of focus
Inconsistent body language
Negative body language

Discussion 11
47

What other barriers do you have while you are

communicating with others? Give an example.

Quiz 6
48

Tips for Enhancing Workplace Communication


49

1. Do a Self-Assessment: Assess your own communication

knowledge and understanding.


2. Ask for feedback about your own communication and
communication in the workplace. Ask questions like:

When we talk, are you generally clear about what I am saying?


Do you have any suggestions for how we could communicate better?

3. Know when to get involved: Encourage an environment where

the person with the message to send does it directly with the
receiver.

Resist the temptation to involve yourself in conflicts that do not directly


involve you or your responsibilities.

4. Seek first to understand: Seek to understand before you seek

to be understood.
Make a conscious effort to truly listen without preparing your own
response in your head while the other person is still talking.

Tips for Enhancing Workplace Communication


50

5. Be courteous and respectful: Simple courtesy and respect

goes a long way when it comes to workplace


communications.
6. Restate before proceeding: Before explaining your own
position, try to paraphrase what the other person is saying
into one or two sentences.

Start with, "So what I am hearing you say is..." Have the other person
affirm that you correctly received the message or offer adjustments as
needed. You may find that you are both on the same wavelength but are
having problems communicating your ideas clearly.

7. Ask for clarification: If you hear something that confuses

you, ask about it.


Maybe you missed a detail or maybe you remembered
something others forgot. It's important that everyone
understand exactly what is going on

Tips for Enhancing Workplace Communication


51

8. Use I rather than You: Start your sentence with "I" so the

other person will not become defensive.

Instead of saying, "You disrespected me when you didnt ask for my input
on that decision
Say, I felt a lack respect when l heard a decision was made and I was
not included in the decision-making process.

9. Be specific and avoid absolutes like never and always

"I am never included in marketing decisions around here" is not as

effective as "I wish I had been invited to the marketing meeting this
morning."

10. Depersonalize conflicts:


Instead of a "me versus you" mentality, try to maintain an "us versus the

problem" scenario. This is not only a more professional approach, but it


will improve productivity and is in the best interests of everyone .

Discussion 12
52

Which tips are the most useful for you?


Which ones are you going to use to improve your

communication skills? Give an example.

Tips for Enhancing Workplace


Communication
53

11.Avoid Why questions: When asking a question in

general conversation, avoid starting it with "why" because it


can be taken as a personal criticism or challenge

Instead, say I really what to understand this so

12.Avoid making assumptions:

Instead, be committed to getting the facts.

13.Notice and match language:

Using similar words can help create harmony in the exchange and
makes the person you are communicating with feel like you are on the
same page. You can choose to match nonverbal gestures as well. Be
aware that body language can also communicate a lot.

14.Allow for a cooling-off period:

If you try to communicate when angry, you will likely be ineffective.


Take a deep breath, walk away if you can, and come back a few
moments later when you are calmer.

Tips for Enhancing Workplace


Communication
54

15. Choose an appropriate time and place:


Confronting a colleague who is with a client or working on a deadline
is unfair and unprofessional. Pick a time when you are both free to
concentrate on the problem and its resolution.
Respond. Dont react. Be patient:
You may have the best idea, but not everyone may understand it the
first time. Accept that sometimes the same question may be asked
more than once or that a colleague may forget a deadline unless
reminded.
Don't express an opinion as a fact:
You may hate orange text on green, but thats an opinion: unless you
can cite a legitimate reason for your concern.

Tips for Enhancing Workplace


Communication
55

Explain your reasons:

If you have a strong opinion, explain why you feel this way. This
will allow others to evaluate your comments more effectively

Compliment another's idea

Rather than jumping into critical mode when someone shares an


idea, even if you dont think it would work, look for a valid element
that could be usable in another form and focus on that.

Don't interrupt

Let the person completely communicate his/her idea before


offering any feedback. If the idea is simply a non-starter, be sure to
critique the idea, not the person.

Discussion 13
56

Have you even been or had the similar situation?


Give an example to support your response.

Quiz 7
57

Advice
58

If you have negative answers:


Try to improve your communication skills through

some of these tips!


If you have more positive answers:
Keep up doing this way!

How to Improve Existing Level of


COMMUNICATION?
59

IMPROVE LANGUAGE
IMPROVE PRONUNCIATION
WORK ON VOICE MODULATION
WORK ON BODY LANGUAGE
READ MORE
LISTEN MORE
INTERACT WITH QUALITATIVE

PEOPLE

How to Improve Existing Level of


COMMUNICATION?
60

IMPROVE ON YOU TOPIC OF DISCUSSION


PRACTICE MEDITATION & GOOD THOUGHTS
THINK AND SPEAK
DO NOT SPEAK TOO FAST
USE SIMPLE VOCABULARY
DO NOT SPEAK ONLY TO IMPRESS SOMEONE
LOOK PRESENTABLE AND CONFIDENT

Discussion 14
61

How DO you improve your existing level of

communication?
Give reasons and details to support your response.

Presentation outline
62

Improving communication skills


Understanding communication
Verbal communication
Non-verbal communication
The negotiation process

Discussion 15
63

In your opinion what is the best way for

improving the communication skills?


Give the reasons and details for it.

Improving communication skills


64

1: Be a good listener

Tips for effective listening


Focus fully on the speaker
Avoid interrupting
Try to set aside judgment
Show your interest
Provide feedback

Discussion 16
65

Have you found yourself in some of these tips?


Are they positive or negative for you? Give an

example.

Improving communication skills


66

2: Pay attention to non-verbal signals

Tips for improving how you read non-verbal


communication
Be aware of individual differences
Look at non-verbal communication signals as a group
Tips for improving how you deliver non-verbal
communication
Use non-verbal signals that match up with your words
Adjust your non-verbal signals according to the context
Use body language to convey positive feelings

Quiz 8
67

Improving communication skills


68

3: Keep stress in check


Staying calm under pressure
Use stalling tactics
Pause to collect your thoughts
Make one point
Deliver your words clearly
Wrap up with a summary
Quick stress relief for effective communication

Discussion 17
69

Have you had some other experiences (situations) in

dealing with stress during communication?


Give an example and share with your
peers/colleagues.

Improving communication skills


3: Keep stress in check

70

To deal with stress during communication:


Recognize when youre becoming stressed
Take a moment to calm down
Bring your senses to the rescue
Look for humour in the situation
Be willing to compromise
Agree to disagree

Discussion 18
71

Which methods do you use for overcoming the

stress in communication?
Not only while you are speaking in English, but
generally.

Improving communication skills


72

4: Assert yourself
Value yourself and your opinions
Know your needs and wants
Express negative thoughts
Receive feedback positively
Learn to say no

Improving communication skills


73

4: Assert yourself

Developing assertive communication techniques:


Empathetic assertion

"I know you've been very busy at work, but I want you to make
time for us as well."

Escalating assertion

"If you don't abide by the contract, I'll be forced to pursue legal
action."

Practice assertiveness

Quiz 9
74

Understanding communication
75

Useful communication skills for building positive


interpersonal relationships include:
active listening
understanding non-verbal signals
maintaining eye contact
assertiveness
being mindful of people's individual space
using positive body language
dealing with different points of view

Understanding communication
76

Useful communication skills for building positive


interpersonal relationships include:
Personal awareness skills that help with communication
include:
understanding the benefits of a positive attitude
awareness of how others perceive you
self-confidence
presentation - dressing appropriately for different
occasions.

Discussion 19
77

In your opinion what is verbal communication?

Give the reasons for your response.

Definition
78

Spoken or Verbal Communication:


face-to-face
telephone
radio or television
and other media

Verbal communication
79

Using positive language


Using 'I' statements
Assertiveness versus aggression
Speaking style

Asking questions
80
open questions

'How has your business changed in the last few years?'


closed questions
'Are you happy with the proposal?'
probing questions
'How could I change my offer so that this proposal will be a win-win for both of us?'
confirmation questions
'What benefits do you think this proposal will bring to your organisation in the next year?'
Summary confirmation questions

'Could I summarise what you've just told me so I can check I've understood you?

Question styles to avoid


destructive questions - 'So you're saying it's my fault?'
leading or manipulative questions - 'You'll have that done by tomorrow,

right?'
multiple questions at once - 'When will you want it? Or don't you want it?
You can't get it anywhere else can you?
Asking these kinds of question does nothing for your credibility or your

ability to negotiate efficiently and effectively

Discussion 20
81

How often do you use these kinds of questions while

you are communicating?


Give an example.

Discussion 21
82

Why is listening to other people important?


Give reasons to support your response.

Listening effectively
83

Active listening
Paying attention
Confirm your understanding
Asking questions for clarification

'So what you're saying is...?'


'So what you need from me is...?'
'So in summary what we've agreed is...?

If we were supposed to talk more than listen, we

would have been given two mouths and one ear.


Mark Twain

Discussion 22
84

What is non-verbal communication in your

opinion? Give an example.

Definition
85

Non-Verbal Communication:
body language/posture
gestures
how we dress or act - even our scent

Non-verbal communication
86

Other negative body language you should avoid


includes:
clenched fists
folded arms
rolling eyes
shrugs and shuffles
imitation of the other person's actions
finger pointing

Non-verbal communication
87

Other negative body language you should avoid includes:


Eye contact

Eye contact can convey sincerity and confidence, which is often


important in business situations.
It is important not to stare them out, accidentally or otherwise.

Facial expressions
Avoid negative facial expressions, such as:

frowning /fran/ (to make a serious, angry or worried expression


by bringing your eyebrows)
scowling /skal/ ( to look at somebody/something in an angry or
annoyed way)
Blankness (a total lack of feeling, understanding or interest)
Sneering (to show that you have no respect for)

TYPES OF BODY LANGUAGE


Remember that you are dealing with PEOPLE
88

(P)OSTURES & GESTURES


(E)YE CONTACT
(O)RIENTATION
(P)RESENTATION
(L)OOKS
(E)XPRESSIONS OF EMOTION

Discussion 23
89

Is body language important in communication?


Give your reasons to support your response.

Understanding and Interpreting Body


Language
90

While the mouth tells one story, gestures and


posture may tell a different story.
Discussion: Do you agree or disagree with this
statement? Support your response.

Handshakes

Three basic attitudes are transmitted

through the handshake:


Dominance
Submission
Equality

Dominance is shown by turning


hand so that palm is facing
down during the handshake.

Fig. 1

Submission is shown by turning


hand so that palm is facing
upwards during the handshake

Fig. 2

Equality is shown by turning palm so


that it faces neither up nor
downwards.

Fig. 3

The Glove Handshake

Fig. 4
Demonstrated by initiator clasping both hands around the
recipients hand.
-It is intended to give impression of companionship and warmth.
-Sometimes referred to as politicians handshake.

Clasping the Arm Handshake


This too is intended to
demonstrate sincerity
and warmth but is often
seen as a violation of
personal space.

Knuckle Cruncher Handshake

The hallmark of aggressive handshake whereby one or


both participators firmly squeeze offered hand.
-Sometimes referred to as the Texas Vice.

Dead Fish Handshake

The hallmark of passive handshakes.


-Carries negative connotations and generally considered to
demonstrate weak, apathetic, or submissive individual.
-Traditionally an acceptable handshake for women.

Fingertip Clasp

-Sometimes happens when one party misses his/her mark


due to lack of confidence or nervousness.

Straight-Arm Extension Handshake

Initiator of this handshake will offer a straight,


extended arm in greeting.
-Primary purpose is to maintain distance and
formality.

Conclusion and discussion 24


101

So, after this probably you will start noticing how

handshaking is one of the most important parts of


the non-verbal communication.
Do you agree or disagree? Give the reasons for
supporting your response.

Presentation outline
102

Negotiation
Public Speaking
Essential skills every public speaker should

have
Seven Principles of Effective Public
Speaking

Discussion 25
103

What is the meaning of the negotiation in your

opinion? Support your response.

Negotiating successfully
104

Negotiation is a process where two or more parties

with different needs and goals discuss an issue to


find a mutually acceptable solution.
Good negotiations contribute significantly to
business success, as they:

help you build better relationships


deliver lasting, quality solutions - rather than poor short-term
solutions that do not satisfy the needs of either party
help you avoid future problems and conflicts

A good negotiation leaves each party satisfied and

ready to do business with each other again.

Discussion 26
105

What makes a good negotiator? Give an example

and support your response.

Negotiation skills
106

Good negotiators are:


flexible
creative
aware of themselves and others
good planners
honest
win-win oriented
good communicators

Negotiation skills
107

During a negotiation, you may choose to use a passive,

aggressive or assertive communication style.


Passive communicators are inclined to use:

ambiguous language, adopt under-confident body language and give


in to demands too easily.

Aggressive communicators take a confrontational

approach that tends to alienate other parties and destroy


negotiations.
Assertive communicators are more likely to keep
discussion going and facilitate mutually beneficial
outcomes.

They are both confident and considerate


They adopt a strong, steady tone of voice.
They are factual, rather than emotional or critical.

Discussion 27
108

What type of the communicator are you?

passive
aggressive
assertive
Give the reasons to support your response.

Tips for effective negotiation


109

Don't:
confuse negotiation with confrontation - you should
remain calm, professional and patient
become emotional - remember to stick to the issue,
don't make it personal, and avoid becoming angry,
hostile or frustrated
blame the other party if you cant achieve your
desired outcome

Tips for effective negotiation


110

Do:
be clear about what you are offering and what you
need from the other party
be prepared - think about what the other party
needs from the deal and take a comprehensive view
of the situation
be consistent with how you present your goals,
expectations and objectives
set guidelines for the discussion and ensure that
you and the other party stick to them throughout
the entire process

Tips for effective negotiation


111

Do:
use effective communication skills including
positive body language
prepare for compromise
strive for mutually beneficial solutions
consider whether you should seek legal advice
ask plenty of questions
pay attention to detail
put things in writing

Strategies for negotiating


112

Understanding the other party's interests and tactics

is integral to good negotiating. Choosing a strategy


that best responds to their interests and tactics will
help you achieve the best outcome.
problem solving - both parties committing to
examining and discussing issues closely when
entering into long-term agreements that warrant
careful scrutiny
contending - persuading your negotiating party to
concede to your outcome if you are bargaining in
one-off negotiations or over major 'wins'

Strategies for negotiating


113

yielding - conceding a point that is not vital to you

but is important to the other party; valuable in


ongoing negotiations
compromising - both parties forgoing their ideal
outcomes, settling for an outcome that is moderately
satisfactory to each participant
inaction - buying time to think about the proposal,
gather more information or decide your next tactics

Your chosen strategy will depend on who you are negotiating


with and the type of relationship you have with them.

Discussion 28
114

Which of these strategies do you use while

negotiating and why? Give an example.

problem solving
contending
yielding
compromising
inaction

Discussion 29
115

Good negotiators are born that way.

Agree
Disagree

Explain your answer.

The negotiation process


116

In approaching the subject of your negotiations:


Set your objectives clearly in your own mind

(including your minimum acceptable outcome,


your anticipated outcome and your ideal outcome)
Determine what you'll do if the negotiation, or a
particular outcome, fails
Determine your needs, the needs of the other party
and the reasons behind them

The negotiation process


117

List, rank and value your issues (and then consider

concessions you might make)


Analyse the other party (including their objectives
and the information they need)
Research the market and consult with colleagues
and partners
Rehearse the negotiation
Write an agenda - discussion topics, participants,
location and schedule.

The negotiation process


118

Engaging with the other party during the negotiation


Introduce yourself and articulate the agenda.

Demonstrate calm confidence.


Propose - make your first offer. The other party will
also make proposals. You should rarely accept their
first offer. Evidence suggests that people who take
the first proposal are less satisfied and regret their
haste.
Check your understanding of the other partys
proposal.

The negotiation process


119

Remember your objectives.


Discuss concepts and ideas.
Consider concessions, then make and seek

concessions.
Suggest alternative proposals and listen to offered
suggestions.
Paraphrase others' suggestions to clarify and
acknowledge proposals.
Give and take.

The negotiation process


120

Closing the negotiation


Take a moment to revisit your objectives for the negotiation.
Once you feel you are approaching an outcome that is
acceptable to you:
look for closing signals; for example

fading counter-arguments
tired body language from the other party
negotiating positions converging

articulate agreements and concessions already made


make 'closing' statements; for example

'That suggestion might work.'


'Right. Where do I sign?'

get agreements in writing as soon as you can


follow up promptly on any commitments you have made

Discussion 30
121

Have you ever had the negotiation in English and

what was the outcome?


How did you feel in that moment?
Give an example.

Discussion 31
122

What would you do if your negotiation failed?


Give reasons.

When negotiations fail


123

Having an alternative plan will help you to:


reduce your own internal pressures
minimise your chances of accepting an offer that is not in
your best business interests
set realistic goals and expectations.
Consider your 'best alternative to a negotiated
agreement' (also known as BATNA)

Brainstorm all available alternatives to the process you are


negotiating.
Choose the most promising ideas and expand them into practicable
alternatives.
Keep the best alternative in reserve as a fallback.

Discussion 32
124

Is this statement true or false? Give your reasons.

Most workers are too nervous to negotiate for more


responsibility, their own staff, a higher salary or to transfer to a
new location.

Solution
125

Answer is: TRUE


Negotiating doesn't come naturally for many of us.
The truth is that the most critical piece of

information you give your manager during a


negotiation why giving you more responsibility will
benefit the company.
Definitely be prepared to talk about why you can
handle and why you deserve it.

Good luck in negotiating process!

Discussion
126

How would you define the public speaking

in your opinion?

Definition
127

Public speaking is

the act, art or process of making effective speeches


before an audience.

The Importance of Public Speaking


128

Presentations
Self-confidence

Strategies for Becoming a Better Speaker


Practice

"Practice makes perfect!

Feedback

Engage with your audience when you speak

Leading questions

"I just want to add that I think we can meet these goals" or
"I just think this plan is a good one.
The words "just" and "I think" limit your authority and conviction.
Don't use them.

Discussion 33
129

Do you use some of these techniques and tips?


Share with us some other tips that you use?
Give an example.

The Importance of Public Speaking


130

Body language
Think Positively

Use positive affirmations such as


"I'm grateful I have the opportunity to help my audience"
or "I'm going to do it well!

Cope With Nerves

a fear of failure

Watch recordings of your speeches

Discussion 34
131

Have you found these tips helpful?


Why yes or why not?

Discussion 35
132

What is self-confidence in your opinion? Support

your response.

Definition and discussion


133

Self-confidence is a feeling of trust in one's abilities,

qualities and judgement.


Discussion:
How self-confident do you feel?
How do you build the self-confidence? Give an
example.

Building Self-Confidence
134

Step 1: Preparing for Your Journey


Look at what you have already achieved
Think about your strengths
Think about what's important to you and where you

want to go
Start managing your mind
And then commit yourself to success!

Building Self-Confidence
135

Step 2: Setting Out


Build the knowledge you need to succeed
Focus on the basics
Set small goals and achieve them
Keep managing your mind

Building Self-Confidence
136

Step 3: Accelerating Towards Success


start stretching yourself
Make the goals a bit bigger and the challenges a bit

tougher
Increase the size of your commitment
extend the skills you have proven

Discussion 36
137

What do you do before delivering the public

speech?
Give an example for it.

Essential skills every public speaker


should have
138

Research a topic
Focus
Organize ideas logically
Employ quotations, facts and statistics
Master metaphors
Tell a story
Start strong and close stronger
Incorporate humour
Vary vocal pace, tone and volume
Punctuate words with gestures

Essential skills every public speaker


should 139 have
Complement words with visual aids
Analyze your audience
Connect with the audience
Interact with the audience
Conduct a Q&A session
Lead a discussion

Essential skills every public speaker


should 140 have
Obey time constraints
Craft an introduction
Exhibit confidence and poise
Handle unexpected issues smoothly
Be coherent when speaking
Seek and utilize feedback
Listen critically and analyze other speakers

Discussion 37
141

Are these tips useful for you?


Are you going to use them in delivering your

speech?

Seven Principles of Effective Public


Speaking
142
1. Perception: Stop trying to be a great public
speaker.
2. Perfection: When you make a mistake, no one
cares but you.
3. Visualization: If you can see it, you can speak it.
4. Discipline: Practice makes perfectly good.
5. Description: Make it personal.
6. Inspiration: Speak to serve.
7. Anticipation: Always leave them wanting more.

Discussion 38
143

Which of these principles have you already used?


Which ones are you going to implement in your

communication in the future?

Quiz 10
144

Discussion 39
145

How can you make a good presentation even more

effective?
Give your opinion.

What is presentation?
146

A presentation is a means of communication that can

be adapted to various speaking situations such as:

talking to a group
addressing a meeting
or briefing a team.

The next step is:


147

Ask yourself the following questions to


develop a full understanding of the context
of the presentation
When and where will you deliver your
presentation?.
Will it be in a setting you are familiar with or
somewhere new?
Will the presentation be within a formal or less
formal setting?

The next step is:


148

Ask yourself the following questions to


develop a full understanding of the context
of the presentation.
Will the presentation be to a small group or a large
crowd?
Are you already familiar with the audience?
What equipment and technology will be available
to you, and what will you be expected to use?
What is the audience expecting to learn from you
and your presentation?

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


149

1. Show your Passion and Connect with your

Audience
It is hard to be relaxed and be yourself when you
are nervous.
The great presenters say that the most important thing
is to connect with your audience and the best way to do
that is to let your passion for the subject shine through.
Be honest with the audience about what is important to
you and why it matters.
Be enthusiastic and honest and the audience will
respond.

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


150

2. Focus on your Audiences Needs

Your presentation needs to be built around


what your audience is going to get out of the
presentation.
As you prepare the presentation, you always need to
bear in mind what the audience needs and wants to
know, not what you can tell them.
While you are giving the presentation, you also need
to remain focused on your audiences response and
react to that.
You need to make it easy for your audience to
understand and respond.

Quiz 11
151

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


152

3. Keep it Simple: Concentrate on your Core

Message
When planning your presentation, you
should always keep in mind the question:
What is the key message for my audience to take
away?
You should be able to communicate that key
message very briefly.

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


153

3. Keep it Simple: Concentrate on your Core

Message
Some experts recommend a 30-second elevator
summary or say it in no more than 15 words.
Whichever rule you choose, the important thing is
to keep your core message focused and brief.
And if what you are planning to say it doesnt
contribute to that core message, dont say it.

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


154

4. Smile and Make Eye Contact with your

Audience
This sounds very easy, but a surprisingly large
number of presenters fail to do it.
If you smile and make eye contact, you are building
rapport, which helps the audience to connect with you
and your subject.

It also helps you to feel less nervous, because you are talking to
individuals, not to a great mass of unknown people.

To help you with this, make sure that you dont turn

down all the lights so that only the slide screen is


visible. Your audience needs to see you as well as your
slides.

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


155

5. Start Strongly

The beginning of your presentation is crucial.


You need to grab your audiences attention
and hold it.
Do not waste that on explaining who you are. Start
by entertaining them.
Try a story or an attention-grabbing (but useful)
image on a slide.

Discussion 40
156

Do you agree or disagree with some of these

mentioned tips?
Give an example and support your response.

Discussion 41
157

What are the three main P's in delivering

presentation in your opinion?

Answer
158

What are the three P's in delivering presentation in

your opinion?
Prepare
Practice
Provide/Perform
Do you agree with this?

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


159

6. Remember

Slideshows

the 10-20-30 Rule for

Contain no more than 10 slides;


Last no more than 20 minutes; and
Use a font size of no less than 30 point.

As a general rule, slides should be the sideshow to

you, the presenter. A good set of slides should be


no use without the presenter and they should
definitely contain less, rather than more,
information, expressed simply.
If you need to provide more information, create a
handout and give it out after your presentation.

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


160

7. Tell Stories

Human beings are programmed to respond


to stories.
Stories help us to pay attention, and also to
remember things.

If you can use stories in your presentation, your audience is


more likely to engage and to remember your points
afterwards.
It is a good idea to start with a story if you want.

Quiz 12
161

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


162

8. Use your Voice Effectively


The spoken word is actually a pretty inefficient

means of communication

because it uses only one of your audiences five senses.


That is why presenters tend to use visual aids, too.
You can help to make the spoken word better by using your
voice effectively.

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


163

8. Use your Voice Effectively


Varying the speed at which you talk, and

emphasising changes in pitch and tone all help to


make your voice more interesting and hold your
audiences attention.

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


164

9. Use your Body Too

It has been estimated that more than three


quarters of communication is non-verbal.
That means that your body language is crucial to
getting your message across.

Make sure that you are giving the right messages: body
language to avoid includes crossed arms, hands held behind
your back or in your pockets, and pacing the stage.

Make your gestures open and confident and move

naturally around the stage, and among the


audience too, if possible.

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


165

10. Relax, Breathe and Enjoy


If you find presenting difficult, it can be

hard to be calm and relaxed about doing it.


One option is to start by concentrating on your
breathing.

Slow it down, and make sure that you are breathing fully.

Top Tips for Effective Presentations


166

10. Relax, Breathe and Enjoy


If you can bring yourself to relax, you will almost

certainly present better.


If you can actually start to enjoy yourself, your
audience will respond to that and engage better.
Your presentations will improve exponentially and
so will your confidence. Its well worth a try.

Quiz 13
167

Coping with Presentation Nerves


168

It is essential to always be well prepared and well

rehearsed in order to feel confident.


Do not fixate on the presentation delivery at the
expense of good preparation.
Spend time preparing, knowing your subject well
and knowing what you are going to say and how you
are going to say, it will boost your confidence and
help reduce your nerves.
Think of a presentation like an iceberg what your
audience sees - the delivery - is a small percentage of
the whole.

The following strategies and exercises


should help you:
169

Practice Deep Breathing


Drink Water
Chew Gum
Smile
Use Visualization Techniques
Self-Massage
Pause
Slow Down
Move Around
Stop Thinking About Yourself

Discussion 42
170

How do you cope with your presentation nerves?


Do you use some of these strategies and exercises?

Give the examples.

Presentation outline
171

Interpersonal Skills
Ten Ways to Improve Your Interpersonal

Skills

Discussion 43
172

How do you define the interpersonal skills?


Give your opinion and examples.

What are Interpersonal Skills?


173

Interpersonal skills are the life skills we use every day:

to communicate and interact with other people, both


individually and in groups.
People who have worked on developing strong interpersonal
skills are usually more successful in both their professional and
personal lives.

In the business domain, the term generally refers to:

an employee's ability to get along with others while getting the


job done.
Interpersonal skills include everything from communication
and listening skills to attitude.
Good interpersonal skills are a prerequisite for many positions
in an organization.

Interpersonal Skills Includes:


174

Verbal Communication- What we say and how we say it.


Non-Verbal Communication - What we communicate

without words, body language is an example.


Listening Skills - How we interpret both the verbal and
non-verbal messages sent by others.
Negotiation- Working with others to find a mutually
agreeable outcome.
Problem Solving - Working with others to identify, define
and solve problems.
Decision Making Exploring and analysing options to
make sound decisions.
Assertiveness Communicating our values, ideas, beliefs,
opinions, needs and wants freely.

Discussion 44
175

How can you improve your interpersonal skills?


Give reasons and support your response.

Ten Ways to Improve Your Interpersonal


Skills
176

1. Smile
2. Be appreciative
3. Pay attention to others
4. Practice active listening
5. Bring people together
6. Resolve conflicts
7. Communicate clearly
8. Humour them
9. See it from their side
10. Dont complain

Discussion 45
177

Have you found these tips helpful?


Why yes or why not? Give an example.

Quiz 14
178

Advice for efficient and effective communication


179

Key Points
Plan appropriately.
Practice.
Engage with your audience.
Pay attention to body language.
Think positively.
Cope with your nerves.
Watch recordings of your speeches.

Self-assessment
180

What was the most interesting for me at this

webinar was....
Was it useful?
Are you going to use some of these tips and
advice?

Thank you for your attention!

181

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