EFFECT ON OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT AND

MAX DRY DENSITY BY TIME DELAY COMPACTION

OF SOIL-CEMENT MIXTURE
By

SANDEEP NAGARKOTI
10CE31014
Under the Guidance of
PROF. KOUSIK DEB
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT Kharagpur

Contents

Introduction
Objectives
Scope of Work
Work Done
Results
Work to be done
References

Introduction

Soil-cement are used a construction material for roads, airfields and other
purposes, many laboratory and field studies have been carried out in
connection with evaluation of its properties and performance.
Cement is commonly used to improve the mechanical properties of soils
that exhibit substantial changes in behaviour under fluctuating
environmental conditions (i.e. moisture and temperature)
The amount of cement required is specified either as a percentage of
cement by weight of oven-dry soil material, or in pounds of cement per
cubic foot (kilogram per cubic meter) of compacted soil~cement.
Cement stabilization has been widely used to improve the engineering
properties of the clayey soils.

Introduction

Soil-cement mixtures are also used to stabalize in situ

subgrades to improve long term performance of
pavement structures.
Portland cement is readily available in most urban
areas, and usually available in semi-urban areas, as it
is one of the major components for any building
construction.

Introduction
SOIL-CEMENT STABILIZATION:
there are three types of soil-and-cement mixtures as follows:
1.
Plastic soil-cement is a hardened mixture of soil and cement that contains,
at the time of placing, enough water to produce a consistency similar to
plastering mortar. It is used to line or pave ditches, slopes, and other areas
that are subject to erosion.
2.
Cement-modified soil is an unhardened or semi hardened mixture of
soil and cement. When relatively small quantities of Portland cement are
added to granular soil or silt-clay soil the chemical and physical properties
of that soil are changed. Cement reduces the plasticity and water-holding
capacity of the soil and increases its bearing value. In cement-modified

soil, only enough cement is used to change the physical properties of the
soil to the degree desired.

Compacted soil-cement, often referred to as simply soil-cement, is a mixture. 3

of pulverized soil and calculated amounts of portland cement and water that is
compacted to a high density. The result is a rigid slab
having moderate compressive strength and resistance to the disintegrating effects
. of wetting and drying and freezing and thawing

In order to achieve a successful bond the cement particles need to coat most of
the material particles so that upon hydration a crystalline structure is created
.throughout the mixture of particles
The water in the mixture needs to be monitored to guarantee sufficient
.hydration of the cement and also to ensure adequate workability of the mix

Objectives
To determine OMC and the max dry density of soil passing
through 4.75mm sieve.
To determine the effect of hydration with certain time
intervals on OMC and max dry density of cement-soil
.mixture

SCOPE OF THE WORK

Subjecting all the samples prepared to proctor compaction test.

Developing an understanding of the importance of hydration
reaction which leads to the gain in strength of the sample.
Review and Understanding of the importance of the OMC and
max dry density in stabilizing a soil sample with cement.
To find out the relation between the physical properties of soil
to strength gain.
Time delay compaction of cement-soil mixture at time
intervals taken as 0, 1, 2, 3 and 24 hours

COMPACTION TEST

This laboratory test is performed to determine the

relationship between the moisture content and the dry
density of a soil for a specified compactive effort.
In the Standard Proctor Test, the soil is compacted by a 5.5
lb hammer falling a distance of one foot into a soil filled
mold. The mold is filled with three equal layers of soil, and
each layer is subjected to 25 drops of the hammer.
Based on the whole set of results, a curve is plotted for the
dry unit weight (or density) as a function of the water
content. From this curve, the optimum water content to
reach the maximum dry density can be obtained.

Compaction Curve
.Compaction curve plotted d vs w
The peak of the curve is the Maximum
Compaction (d max) at Optimum Moisture
.Content (wopt)
soil and 6% cement is taken for a 2.5 kg 94%.1
sample with water content taken as 8, 10, 12, 14,
. 16 % respectively

Results
For soil sample without cement

OMC = 13.86%
Max dry density= 18.39 KN/m3

For sample with soil + cement for 0 hour time

interval

%OMC = 15.92
Max dry density = 18.79 KN/m3

For sample with soil + cement for 1 hour time

interval

OMC = 16.96%
Max dry density = 19.96 kn/m3

Conclusion
Acc to the graphs obtained in the previous slides
we can conclude that with increase in the time
interval there is an increase in the OMC and
max dry density of the soil sample and it was
found that max density is obtained at 3 hour
interval unlike expected 6 or 24 hour interval
.due excess loss of moisture due to hydration

WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT IN THE NEXT

:SEMESTER
Compaction work will be continued with the
cement soil mixture but with
soil + 8% cement 94%
soil + 10% cement 90%
.With the same time gap of 0, 1, 2, 3, 24 hours

References
Saadeh S., Tashman L., Masad E. and Mogawer
W. "Spatial and Directional Distribution of
Aggregates in Asphalt Mixes", Journal of Testing
and Evaluation, Vol. 30, No. 6
[5] Hunter A.E., Airey G.D. and Collop A.C. "Effect
of Asphalt Mixture Compaction on Aggregate
Orientation and Mechanical Performance",
Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Asphalt
Pavements for South Africa, September 2004.
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"A Short Introduction to Digital Image
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