ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

AUXILIARY PLANES

AUXILIARY PLANES
Two views of an object (FV, TV) projected on the principal planes are sometimes not
sufficient to convey all information regarding object.
Additional views, called Auxiliary Views, are therefore, projected on other planes known
as Auxiliary planes.
Auxiliary views may also be used for determining
True Length of a line
Point-View of a line
Edge-View of a plane
Shortest Distance between point and a line
Shortest distance between skew lines
True Size and Form of plane
True shapes of sections of solids
Very useful in finding solutions of problems in practical solid geometry.

AUXILIARY PLANE
Any plane perpendicular to an RP and inclined to the other RP is called an auxiliary plane.
The view of an object obtained on an auxiliary plane is called an auxiliary view.
In drawing practice, two auxiliary planes, viz., Auxiliary Inclined Plane (AIP) and Auxiliary
Vertical Plane (AVP), are used.
An AIP is a plane inclined to the HP and perpendicular to the VP.
AVP represents a plane inclined to the VP and perpendicular to the HP.
Obviously, AIP and AVP are seen as lines in FV and TV respectively.
These lines are called auxiliary reference lines and are shown by X1Y1, X2Y2, etc.
Auxiliary planes are used to obtain auxiliary views and true shapes of sections of solids.

AUXILIARY PLANE
IMPORTANCE OF AUXILIARY VIEWS

Used to show true dimensions of an inclined plane.

AUXILIARY PLANE
IMPORTANCE OF AUXILIARY VIEWS

AUXILIARY PLANE
IMPORTANCE OF AUXILIARY VIEWS

AUXILIARY INCLINED PLANE

AIP

AUXILIARY INCLINED PLANE

AUXILIARY VERTICAL PLANE

AVP

AUXILIARY VERTICAL PLANE

TRUE LENGTH, TRUE INCLINATIONS AND TRACES OF A LINE

A line AB has its end A, 10 mm above the HP and 24 mm in front of the VP. End B
is 55 mm above the HP and 50 mm in front of the VP. The distance between the
end projectors is 45 mm. Draw the projections of the line and find the TL and true
inclinations. Also locate the traces.

AUXILIARY PLANES

X1

d1

Au
x

P
AI

10

End D of line DE is 10 mm in front of VP, and 40 mm above HP. End E is 35 mm in

front of VP and 5 mm above HP. Distance between end projectors is 55 mm. Draw
the projections of the line. Also project (a) Auxiliary plan on an AIP, inclined 60
to HP; (b) Auxiliary elevation on an: AVP inclined 45 to VP.
.P
la
n

e1

25

40

e
o
5 60 AIP
Y1
25

X2
AVP

45od 10

40

d2

AV
P
Aux
.

Elev

atio
n

5
e2

Y2

AUXILIARY PLANES
End A of a line AB is 10 mm in front of VP and 40 mm above HP. End B is 50 mm in
front of VP and 10 mm above HP. Distance between the end projectors is 50 mm.
Draw the projections, determine its true length and find inclinations to HP and
VP, using auxiliary plane method.
X1

10

a1

TL=71
Aux. Plan

b1

AIP

50

40
50

X
X2
40

a2

b 10

10
50
AV
P

Aux. Elev
ation
TL=71

b
10

Y2

Y1

AUXILIARY PLANES
End A of line AB is 35 mm above HP and 10 mm in front of VP. End B is 40 mm below HP
and 25 mm behind VP. Distance between end projectors is 50 mm. Draw the projections.
Determine its true length and find inclinations to HP and VP, using auxiliary plane method.
2
Compare the true length obtained by Y
auxiliary
plane and by rotation method.
X1

a2

40

35

10

TL=
97

a1

b2
a

P
AV

X
10

25

50
40
b

b1

Y1

97

25

IP
A

35

TL=

AUXILIARY PLANES
End A of line AB is 35 mm above HP and 10 mm in front of VP. End B is 40 mm below HP
and 25 mm behind VP. Distance between end projectors is 50 mm. Draw the projections.
Determine its true length and find inclinations to HP and VP, using auxiliary plane
method. Compare the true length obtained by auxiliary plane and by rotation method.
b1

a
TL

b1

97
=

35

25

10

50
a

b2

b b2

40

AUXILIARY PLANES

b
40

a
X

10
10

40

30
a

30

s
r

10

a1

40

X1

TL

40

Y1
s1

r1

Find the shortest distance

connecting point R to the
shown in fig. 1. Show the
shortest
distance
in
elevation.

30

30

Y2

b1
.
S.D
TL
r

X2

a2, b2,
s2

of the line
line AB as
line of the
plan
and

f
a
60
30

60

30

30
Y

b
50
a

60

c1

1
0c

X1

AUXILIARY PLANES

50
30

60

30of
d

30

TL

a1
e1
f1

The centre lines of two pipes AB

and CD are shown in fig. 2. Find the
shortest distance between the two
lines. Also project this shortest
distance back on the front and top
views.

50

b1

Y1
30

Y2
a2
e2

d1
X2

c2 , d
2 ,f2

b2

AUXILIARY PLANES

Using auxiliary planes method, obtain the

true shape of triangular lamina whose
projections are given in fig 3. By projecting
one side as a point
b

70
50
b
10

30

X
30

40

Y
20
c

74

Y1

True
Shape

a
Y2
X3
TL

b
X1

c1

a3

c3

b2 ,

c2

Y3

b1

a2
a1

X2

c
a

70
b
30

30

Using auxiliary planes method, obtain the

true shape of triangular lamina whose
projections are given in fig 3. By projecting
one side as a point

ad XY

50
X

AUXILIARY PLANES

10

40

Y
20
c

74

Y1

TL

c1
a1, d1

Y2

a3

c2

d
d2
b

b1
X1

X2

True
Shape

b2

a2

AUXILIARY PLANES
TL
e

e
f

Partial front view and complete

end view of a flat surface is

given in fig. 4. Complete the

front view and finds its true

X1

shape using auxiliary plane.

g1
a1, b1

e1

d1
c1

f1

Y1
Y2
d2

g2
f2

X2
e2
a2
b2

T.S.
c2

END OF PRESENTATION