August 27th , 2015

Objectives
To indroduce

mining concepts
To identify vocabulary related to heavy
machinery through the years .
To describe actual heavy machinery.

Wnat is mining?
Mining

is the extraction (removal) of minerals

and metals from earth.
Manganese,
tantalum, copper, tin, nickel, bauxite
(aluminum ore), iron ore, gold, silver, and
diamonds and many others examples.

Copp
er
Bauxite

TIN
Iron ore

What is a mining
A Mining operator is part of a crew at a
operator?
mining
site. The operator must know the
process of variety of activities such as:
drilling, blasting, loading and haulage.
Also, he/she should know how to use a
variety of machines and be able to
maintain and repair them. The work with
their supervisors , and colleagues is also
important, being responsible for the health
and safety of others.

Types of mining machines

Watch the video

What is Heavy Machinery ?

Refers

to heavy-duty vehicles, specially

designed for executing construction tasks, most
frequently involving earthwork operations.

They

are also named as:

heavy machines
heavy trucks
construction equipment, engineering equipment
heavy vehicles, or heavy hydraulics.

What is a heavy- duty vehicle?

Vehculo

para trabajos pesados

What is earthwork operations?

Trabajos

tierra .

de movimientos de

History of heavy machinery

In

19th century heavy machines were powered

under human or animal power, specially for
agriculture.

Reapers
Segadora

At the end of 19th century and beginning

of 20th century become common the .

The steam harvester

(cosechadora a vapor)
Old style (Australia)
harvester

During the 20th century

Internal

combustion engines (motor de combustion

interna) were popular such as kerosene, ethanol, but
today diesel engines are dominant .

The early 20th century new electric-powered machines

appeared, such as the forklift truck. (grua horquilla)

And many others.

Working bulldozer
from the first tractor
company 1920.

1950 containers crane

made possible
containerization
(containers transport)

Vocabulary
Crawler

Blade
Wheel

tractor: tractor oruga

: cuchilla/ hoja

tractor: tractor de ruedas

Backhoe:
Cab

retroexcavadora

: cabina

Shovel/bucket

: pala

Dump body : cuerpo volcado

Types of heavy machinery

Bulldozer(niveladora o tractor sobre

orugas)

Powerful crawler for pushing

materials (earth, rocks, and
many others) ; It is made up
of a crawler tractor and a
blade.
Wheel or front loader
(cargador frontal )
This machine is made up of a
wheel tractor and a loader. Used
to load and move aside
materials. (asphalt, demolition,
debris etc. )

Hydraulic shovel/ excavator

Pala hidraulica

Machine made up of a cab with a

bucket for digging deep holes,
demolition and removing
materials.
Dump truck
Camin tolva

Truck with a dump body,

used for transporting
material (such as sand,
gravel, or dirt)

 Motor

Grader
Motoniveladora

Blade

Machine with a blade

situated between two wheel
shafts for leveling the ground
or removing debris
(escombros) of the road.
Tractor
Motorized machine used in
a variety of tasks in
agriculture and
construction.

 Retroexcavadora
backhoe

This machine has a bucket

(shovel) for digging on the back
and
a
loader
for
lifting
materials on the front.
Forklift truck
Grua Horquilla
Lifting equipmentusedto
lift and transport materials .

 Concrete

mixer
Hormigonera

concrete mixer is a
machine to mix water,
sand, gravel, and
cement to make
concrete.

Industrial

mixer
for concrete plant

Concrete truck mixer

BULLDOZER
HYDRAULIC
SHOVEL

TRACTO
R
BACKHOE

CONCRETE
MIXER

BULLDOZER
BACKHOE
CONCRETE MIXER
EXCAVATOR
TRACTOR
FRONT LOADER

Important Verbs
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To

Inspect> Inspeccionar
Clean> Limpiar
adjust> Ajustar
remove> Remover
replace> Reemplazar
Oil > Lubricar *Aceitar
store> Guardar
Secure> Asegurar

Heavy Machinery
Check

behind the machine before backing

heavy equipment .
Its neccessary to have a spotter visible
*observador visible in your mirror to help you
to maneuver backwards.*para maniobrar en
reversa .
Set your seat belt and the backup alarm is
working properly. *alarma de seguridad.

 Complete

the
inspections manuals for
each machine they
operate.
For cranes, checking the
sheaves (revisar las
gavillas (poleas) ,
bearings and cables
(rodamietos y cables) as
well as the clutches and
breaks (embragues y
frenos)

 In

some machines check the

hydraulic system keep tires in
good conditions and the air
pressure
Check the steering (direccin)and
break regurlarly.

For the bulldozer check

the tracks and
bushings (ajustes de
pista y bujas )
check the blade control
and the backup alarm.
*control de la hoja y
alarma de respaldo

 Protect

the equipment
for weather conditions
And store the small
equipment indoor. But
away from any
explosive source such
as gasoline tanks , oil
and grease *grasa
containers and
compressed gas cylinder.
Gas powered/ equipment
should be store away
from fire hazards.