ACCEPTANCE

SAMPLING
PRESENTED BY
SREEDEVI K.N
M.Sc INDUSTRIAL FISHERIES
III SEMESTER

INTRODUCTION

Quality control is an activity in which

measures are taken to control quality
of future output.
Sampling refers to observation of a
population or lot for the purpose of
obtaining some information about it.
Acceptance sampling is a quality
control technique.

DEFINITION

Acceptance sampling is defined as

sampling inspection in which
decisions are made to accept or
reject products or services.
It is a decision making tool by which
a conclusion is reached regarding
the acceptability of lot.

ADVANTAGES

Acceptance sampling eliminates or rectifies

poor lots & improve overall quality of product.
Reduces inspection costs & risk.
In inspection of sample greater care will be
taken so that results may be more accurate.
A rejected lot is frequently a signal to the
manufacturer that the process should be
improved.
It provides a no of alternative plans in which a
single sample is taken, two or indefinite no of
samples may be taken from a single lot.

SAMPLING PLANS

ATTRIBUTES SAMPLING

1. SINGLE SAMPLING
2. DOUBLE SAMPLING
3. MULTIPLE SAMPLING
4. SEQUENTIAL
SAMPLING

VARIABLE SAMPLING

ATTRIBUTES SAMPLING
PLAN

Attributes sampling is most

commonly used, more than 1 type of
quality characteristics can be
considered for each sample.
Measurements are simpler to make.
It requires a larger sample size than
variables sampling plan.

SINGLE SAMPLING

A plan in which inspector is forced to make a

decision concerning acceptability of a lot or
batch on the basis of inspection of units in
one sample taken from that lot.
It can be described in terms of 3 constants.

N,the lot size

n,the sample size
c,the acceptance number
c is the maximum allowable defects in sample
If sample contains c or fewer defectives, lot will
be accepted & if it contains more than c lot will
be rejected.

DOUBLE SAMPLING

These are characterized by two sample

size along with two sets of acceptance
rejection numbers.
The two sample sizes may or may not be
equal.
It can be described in terms of
c1,c2,n1,n2
MULTIPLE SAMPLING

In this 3 or more samples might be taken

before a decision is reached regarding the
acceptability of a lot.
It results in smaller average sample size.

SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING

An extreme case of multiple sampling in

which sampling might continues until the
lot is exhausted.
It calls for inspection on an item by item
basis.
Decision is made after each item is
inspected concerning whether lot should be
accepted or rejected or sampling continued.
Sampling & decision making continues until
a clear cut decision is obtained either to
accept or reject.

VARIABLE SAMPLING

Variables plan need measurement type

data & decision must be based only on
one such measurement characteristics.
It is efficient because variables carry
more information than attributes.
Based on mean & standard deviation
characteristics.
They are difficult to use.

OPERATING
CHARACTERISTIC CURVE (oc)

A curve which serves to describe an

acceptance plan in terms of
probability of accepting lots of
various quality levels with the plan.
Pa =probability of accepting a lot
P` =actual proportion of defectives

pa

p`

SAMPLING RISKS

Both producer & consumer will agree on

two proportions to represent the
acceptable proportion of defectives in the
lot.
AQL(accaptable quality level) : it represents
the maxi proportion of defectives acceptable
by consumer.
LTPD(lot tolerance percent defective): it
represents the mini proportion of defectives
which consumer finds unacceptable.

AVERAGE OUTGOING
QUALITY

AOQ is the average quality in terms of

fraction or % defectives for inspection
operations.
These are done under 2 conditions such as
rejected lots be screened &all defectives
that contain be replaced by good articles,
lot sizes of product be constant.
The maxi value of AOQ is average outgoing
quality limit(AOQL).
Each acceptance sampling plan can be
described in terms of AOQL it will generate.

ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING
SYSTEMS

American national standard, sampling

procedures and tables for inspection by
attributes is a sampling system indexed by
lot size ranges, inspection levels AQLs.
The use of sampling schemes defined in this
system will constrain the producer to provide
product of quality at or better than selected
AQL.
Dodge Romig system, Dodge Romig sampling
inspection tables are designed to minimize
average total inspection for a given AOQL.

CONCLUSION

Acceptance sampling is a statistical procedure

used to determine whether to accept or reject
a production lot of material.
A wide variety of sampling plans are
available.plans have an accepted AQL & a
rejected LTPD & an AOQL.
Acceptance sampling tables are there to
supply a set of accepted procedures with
known properties &verified results.
Sampling provides rational means of
verification that a production lot confirms with
requirements of technical specifications.