An effective manager will always

hire the smartest person available.

True? False?
Why? What do you think?

What
What is
is Personality?
Personality?
The relatively stable set of characteristics that
influences an individuals behavior .
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and
interacts with others, the measurable traits a person
exhibits

Measuring Personality
Helpful in hiring decisions
Most common method: self-reporting surveys
Observer-ratings surveys provide an independent
assessment of personality

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What DETERMINES The Personality?

Heredity Environment Situation

Personality
Personality Determinants
Determinants
Heredity- Genetic Sources
Environment- Surrounding and Culture
Situation- Day to Day event repeated

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Types
Types of
of Personality
Personality
Two types of Personality: Type A and Type
B are defined
Type A- Refers to behavior that is restless,
impatient, achievement oriented and
perfectionist.
Type B- Refers to behavior that is relaxed,
socialable with a balance view towards life.

Personality
Personality Traits
Traits
Enduring characteristics that describe an individuals
behavior
The more consistent the characteristic and the more
frequently it occurs in diverse situations, the more
important the trait.

Two dominant frameworks used to describe

personality:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Big Five Model

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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Type of Social
Interaction

Extrovert (E)

Preference for
Gathering Data

Sensing (S)

Preference for
Decision Making
Style of
Decision Making

Introvert (I)

Intuitive (N)
Feeling (F)
Thinking (T)
Perceptive (P)
Judgmental (J)

Extraversion

Interest Orientation

Introversion

Talkative,

Shy,

Sociable,

Reserved,

Friendly,

Quite,

Outspoken

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Sensing

Intuition
Perception

Organised,

Less Regular,

Practical,

Unconscious,

Focus
Detail.

Focus Big
Picture

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Feeling

Thinking

Judgment

Reliability of
logical order
cause and
effect,
Apathy

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

Priorities
based on
personal
importance
and values,
Sympathy

Judgment

Perception
Environment Orientation

Judging
attitude
Control of
events and
systematic
planning

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

Spontaneity
Curious,
awaiting
events and
adapting to
them,
Flexible

Conscientiousness
Extroversion

Agreeableness

Emotional stability

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

Openness to Experience

Extraversion

Agreeableness

The
Big Five
Personality
Model

Conscientiousness

Emotional Stability

Openness to Experience
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

Stages of Personality Formation:

Personality is said to be formed in stages,
with change in age marital ans social
status, career moves etc. one is
subjected to transitions in behaviors to
adapt to the newer roles one needs to
play.
We are discussing three Models of
Personality Formation:1. Levinson's Theory of Adult Life Stage
2. Hall's Career Stage Model
3. Argyris' Immaturity to Maturity Stage

Levinson's Theory of Adult Life

Stage
Daniel Levinson believed that personality
progresses with age in four stages:
1. 22-28 Stage: During which adult stage
gets formed.
2. 33-40 Stage: During which Settling down
occurs.
3. 45-50 Stage:- During which middle
adulthood occurs.
4. 55-60 Stage:- During which old age
occurs.

Hall's Career Stage Model

In this model a person goes through four
stages during his career:
1. Exploration:- identify seeking, unstable,
trail and error.
2. Establishment:-settling down, stability,
productivity increases...
3. Maintenance:- peak productivity,
contributing to others, mentoring
4. Decline:- productivity declines, self
evalaution.

Argyris' Immaturity to Maturity

Stage
Chris Argyris Proposed seven dimensions
to the development of personality.
He proposed that instead of any stages,
personality develops along a continuum
like the development from infant to adult
and from maturity to immaturity.
He also pointed out that not everyone
exhibits all the seven characteristics on
reaching maturity.