8A Food and digestion

8A Food and digestion

Food
Balancing your diet
Digestion

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8A Food and digestion

Food

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8A Food who needs it?

What do we need food for?

Energy to do things
Raw materials to grow larger
Raw materials to repair damaged body parts

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8A So whats in food?

Food is a complicated mixture of different chemicals.

We can sort these chemicals into different types.
What are the main types?
Proteins

Vitamins

Fats

Minerals

Water

Roughage

Carbohydrates (starch and sugars)

Can you make up a sentence with words starting with
the same letters a mnemonic?
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8A Which food contains which chemical?

Which foods belong to which food groups?

Proteins

Water

Proteins

Fats

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Fats

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Water

8A Whats in food?

We can test foods to find out what chemicals they

contain.
Orangey-brown iodine turns blue-black when it
reacts with starch.
drop iodine solution
onto the food

black = starch

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8A Whats in food?

Blue Benedicts solution turns orangey-red when it

is boiled with glucose.

chopped
up food

hot water

heat
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blue turns orange/red

= glucose

8A Whats in food?

In the Biuret test the solution turns purple.

potassium
hydroxide
shake

copper
sulphate

purple = protein
chopped up
food

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8A Whats in food?

Fats go cloudy white when they are mixed with

ethanol and water.

filter
grind food
with ethanol

add
water

cloudy = fat

Now see if you can use these tests to identify the

food chemicals on the next slides.
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8A Whats in food?

For each food, decide on the chemicals found in them.

Food sample

Protein

Test

Result

Iodine solution

orangey-brown

Benedicts test

blue

Biuret test

purple

Ethanol test

cloudy white

Fats

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Starch

Glucose

8A Whats in food?

For each food, decide on the chemicals found in them.

Food sample

Protein

Test

Result

Iodine solution

blue-black

Benedicts test

blue

Biuret test

blue

Ethanol test

clear

Fats

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Starch

Glucose

8A Whats in food?

For each food, decide on the chemicals found in them.

Food sample

Protein

Test

Result

Iodine solution

orangey-brown

Benedicts test

orangey-red

Biuret test

blue

Ethanol test

clear

Fats

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Starch

Glucose

8A Whats in food?

For each food, decide on the chemicals found in them.

Food sample

Protein

Test

Result

Iodine solution

orangey-brown

Benedicts test

orangey-red

Biuret test

blue

Ethanol test

clear

Fats

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Starch

Glucose

8A Vitamins

Vitamin Found in

Gives you

Liver, butter, green

vegetables

Healthy skin and

teeth

B2

Healthy skin

Cheese, milk, liver,

eggs, green vegetables
Citrus fruits, green
vegetables, potatoes

Fish liver oil, eggs,

sunlight on the skin

Healthy bones
without it you get
rickets (soft bones)

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Healthy teeth and

gums, without it you
get scurvy

8A Food and digestion

Balancing your diet

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8A A food test for YOU!

1. A balanced diet
a) contains the same amounts of the main food groups
b) contains healthy amounts of the main food groups
c) doesnt fall off the table.
2. A balanced diet for most people has more
a) fat than water
b) carbohydrate than protein
c) crisps than fruit.

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8A A food test for YOU!

3. To test for protein in food you

a) add iodine solution
b) do the Biuret test
c) poke it with a big stick.
4. Sugar and starch are both
a) proteins
b) fats
c) carbohydrates.

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8A A food test for YOU!

5. Iodine solutions turns blue-black with

a) starch
b) protein
c) age.
6. A food went orangey-red when it was boiled with
Benedicts solution. It could be
a) a carrot
b) a boiled sweet
c) a sausage.
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8A A food test for YOU!

7. Not enough vitamin C gives you

a) headaches
b) scurvy
c) weak bones.
8. Riboflavin is
a) a B vitamin
b) a fruit drink
c) an elf from The Lord of the Rings.

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8A Food and digestion

Digestion

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8A Why digestion?

Food is a mixture of molecules.

Some of these molecules are too
large to pass into the body.
Digestion breaks down food in the
gut into smaller molecules.
The body uses these smaller molecules
for energy or to build body parts.

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8A Where it all happens

What happens where? Follow the food down through

the body.
Mouth breaks large lumps of food into smaller lumps.
Stomach produces enzymes to break down proteins.
Intestines produce enzymes to break down proteins,
carbohydrates and fats. Start to absorb food into body.
Colon absorbs water and stores waste until time to
pass out of the body.

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8A Watching the digestives

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8A Absorbing stuff

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8A Digestion - True or False?

True or False?
1. Enzymes are made of protein.

TRUE

2. Enzymes only work in acid solutions.

FALSE

3. Enzymes can only break down molecules.

FALSE

4. A protease is an enzyme that breaks

down protein into smaller molecules.

TRUE

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8A Digestion - True or False?

True or False?
1. An enzyme works best at a particular
temperature.

TRUE

2. Most enzymes in the human body work

best at about 57C.

FALSE

3. Enzymes work best in boiling water.

4. Snakes produce one enzyme that can
digest everything in its victim from the skin
to the bones.
5. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down
starch.
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FALSE
FALSE

TRUE