Mr.

Prakash is a Personal assistant of the General Manager of Federal

Express. It was August 4, 2014 & Mr. Prakash attended the office at
9:45 a.m.and he went directly to the Production Department to get the
production records to place them before the meeting scheduled to be
held at10:30 a.m. on the same day at the General Managers
Chamber. He could complete his business in the production
department by 10:20 a.m. & returned to the General Managers
Chamber.
The General Manager cam to his office at 10:00 a.m. He wanted to have
a discussion with Mr. Prakash regarding the arrangements for the
days meeting. He was thinking that Mr. Prakash has not yet come to
the office.
The General Manager was very angry with Mr. Prakash & scolded him for
being late to office & he immediately went to the meeting without
giving any scope to Mr. Prakash to answer.

0
Perception:
Perception is the process of
receiving information about &
making sense of the world
around us. It tells us which
information to notice, how to
categorize the information & how
to
interpret
it
within
the
framework
of
our
existing

Perception begins when our senses

receive the stimuli. Many of the
stimuli we ignore concentrating on
very
few.
This
process
of
attending to some information
received by our senses & ignoring
other
information
is
called
selective attention.

Selective
attention
is
influenced by characteristics
of the person or object being
perceived, particularly size,
intensity, motion, repetition,
and familiarity & novelty.

 Characteristics of the perceiver are also

important in selective attention, much of it
without perceivers awareness.
When
information is received through the senses,
our brain quickly & unconsciously assesses
whether it is relevant or irrelevant to us &
then attaches emotional markers to that
information. The emotional markers help us
to store the information in memory; they also
reproduce the same emotions when we are
subsequently thinking about this information.

 Selective attention is also

influenced
by
our
assumptions & conscious
anticipation
of
future
events.

It is time to elect the world leader, and your

vote counts. Here are the facts about the
three
leading
candidates:
Which of these candidates would be your
choice?
Candidate A associates with crooked
politicians, and consults with astrologists.
He's had two mistresses. He also chain
smokes and drinks 8 to 10 martinis a day.
Candidate B was kicked out of office twice,
sleeps until noon, used opium in college and
drinks a quart of whisky every evening.
Candidate C is a decorated war hero. He's a

 Candidate A is Franklin D.
Roosevelt
Candidate B is Winston
Churchill
Candidate C is Adolph Hitler

 Selective
attention
is
also
influenced by our existing
knowledge & the moral &
ethical values we believe in.
What we learnt in past also
makes difference to the way we
perceive information.

 which bind them to get

her as a social entity.

 which bind them to get

her as a social entity.
which bind them
together as a social
entity.

Stereotyping
Stereotyping is the process of assigning
traits to people on the basis of their
membership to a particular social group.
People indulge in stereotyping as it is easy
to remember features of a stereotype.
Secondly we have an innate need to
understand & anticipate how others will
behave.

 Stereotypes
though
are
not
completely fictional, they do not
describe every person accurately in
a social category.
Another problem with stereotyping
is that it lays the foundation for
discriminatory attitudes & behavior.

Attribution Theory:
The Attribution Process involves
deciding
whether
an
observed
behavior or event is caused mainly
by the person (internal factors) or by
the environment (external factors).

 Behaviour of others can be examined on

the basis of its:
Distinctiveness: the degree to which a person
behaves similarly in different situations. (Low
Distinctiveness)
Consistency: the degree to which a person
engages in the same behaviour at different times.
(High Consistency)
Consensus: the degree to which other people
engage themselves in the same behaviour. (High
Consensus)

 Internal Attirbution (Behaviour

Attributed to Internal Factors):
High Consistency
Low Distinctiveness
Low Consensus

 External Attribution (Behaviour

Attributed to External Factors):
Low Consistence
High Distinctiveness
High Consensus

 Attribution Errors:
Fundamental Attribution Error
Self Serving Bias