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Objectives
Examine the performance of engineering devices in light
of the second law of thermodynamics.
Define exergy, which is the maximum useful work that
could be obtained from the system at a given state in a
specified environment.
Define reversible work, which is the maximum useful
work that can be obtained as a system undergoes a
process between two specified states.
Define the exergy destruction, which is the wasted work
potential during a process as a result of irreversibilities.
Define the second-law efficiency.
Develop the exergy balance relation.
Apply exergy balance to closed systems and control
volumes.
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SECOND-LAW EFFICIENCY
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Closed system
exergy per unit
mass
Exergy
change of
a closed
system
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Flow
exergy
Exergy change of flow
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Work Potential of
Compressed Air in a Tank
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EXERGY TRANSFER BY
HEAT, WORK, AND MASS
Exergy by Heat Transfer, Q
Exergy transfer
by heat
When temperature is
not constant
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Exergy Destruction
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Exergy
Exergy
destroyed
balance for
outside system
a closed
boundaries can
system
be accounted for
when heat
by writing an
transfer is to
exergy balance
the system
on the extended
and the
system that
work is from
includes the
the system.
system and its
immediate
surroundings.
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Reversible Work
The exergy balance relations presented above can be used to
determine the reversible work Wrev by setting the exergy destroyed
equal to zero. The work W in that case becomes the reversible work.
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Turbine
Compressor
Heat
exchanger
Mixing
chamber
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190 kJ/min
10C
150C
200 kPa
70C
= 20C
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Summary
Exergy: Work potential of energy
Exergy (work potential) associated with kinetic and potential energy
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