PHARMACEUTICS

II
SFT 222/4
DISPENSING
TECHNIQUES
An introductory
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• To recognise and familiarise with
dispensing techniques in pharmacy
practice.
• To know the basics in pharmaceutical
compounding.
• To apply Good Pharmaceutical Practice.
 MAIN REFERENCE
• S.J Carter;
Cooper and Gun’s Dispensing for
pharmaceutical students, 12th
edition, Pitman Medical Publishing,
London, 1975.
PAGE 3 – 7
 Dispensing
• Is concerned with the preparation and
supply of medicines.
• Requires extensive knowledge of :
1) The stability of medicines and their ingredients.
2) Principles of compounding.
3) Dosage.
4) Chemical, physical and therapeutic incompatibilities.
5) Packaging methods.
6) Labelling procedures.
7) Legal requirements affecting storage, supply, records,
containers and labelling of substances (Poison acts).
The basic knowledge of Dispensing

CHEMISTRY

PHARMACY
PHARMACOLOGY
FORENSIC

DISPENSING

PHARMACEUTICAL
MICROBIOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
 DISPENSING

• Provision of drugs or medicines as set out

properly on a lawful prescription.
• A prescription can only be filled, the drugs
supplied, by a registered pharmacist,
veterinarian, dentist or member of the
medical profession.
• The law requires that a prescription be
written only for patients that are in the
veterinarian's care.
• Can also be dispensed by the assistants with
direct supervision of the above.
 What is the definition of
extemporaneous preparations in terms
of pharmaceutics?
• Preparations of small scale for a short
period of time(1-2 weeks), either in
liquids or semi solid forms
OR
they are previously made special
preparations that are compounded and
dispensed by a pharmacist for certain
use.
General dispensing Procedures
1. Work on your own.
2. Wear a freshly laundered overall coat.
3. Provide yourself with a clean glass-cloth, a
duster and either a swab or sponge.
4. Work in a clean and tidy manner.
5. Read the prescription carefully.
6. If necessary, find the formula of the
preparation in an appropriate source of
information. Copy it into your practical book.
General dispensing Procedures
7. Check the doses of internal
preparations.
8. Find, from an appropriate source, if
any ingredient is a poison. If so, check
weight/volumes dispensed and initial
the amount in your book.
9. Confirm no incompatibilities.
10. Ensure the correct method of
preparation (refer notebook).
General dispensing Procedures
11. Look up the storage conditions for the
preparation → determines container &
closures.
12. Work out the calculations.
13. Check the calculations.
14. Collect the correct container & closure.
15. Trim the label(s) to fit container.
16. Write the main label/special label.
General dispensing Procedures
17. Make the preparation, pack it in the
container and polish the latter.
18. Check the labels and fix them to the
container.
19. Check finished preparation.
20.Wrap the container and write the
patient’s name and address on the
wrapper.
21. Make the appropriate records.
Pharmaceutical preparations
INTERNAL
PRODUCTS
(ORAL USE)

PHARMACEUTICALS

EXTERNAL
STERILE
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTS
(APPLICATION)
 Internal products
1. Solutions (syrups, elixirs, linctuses,
mixtures, oral liquids)
2. Suspensions (mixtures)
3. Emulsions (oral emulsion)
4. Oral solid dosage forms (tablets,
capsules, powders/granules, lozenges,
pastilles)
 External products
1. Solutions (mouthwashes/gargles, nasal
drops/sprays, enemas, liniments, lotions, paints,
inhalations, antiseptics/disinfectants)
2. Emulsions (creams, lotions, liniments)
3. Ointments
4. Pastes
5. Jellies/Gels
6. Suppositories
7. Pessaries
8. Suspensions (lotions)
9. Dusting powders
 Sterile products
• Parenteral products (injections,
intravenous infusions)
• Ophthalmic products (eye-drops, eye-
lotions, eye-ointments, contact-lens sol.)
• Sterile solutions (for genito-urinary
irrigation or for intraperitoneal dialysis)
• Sterile dusting powders (for surgical
wounds)
• Implants – rarely compounded
Zul,Siti,Nurul,Diana,
Zarra,Munesh,Kavita.
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