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G L A DY S A . I N V E N T O

HISTORY OF
COMPUTER

A TYPICAL COMPUTER OPERATION IS WHEN

COMPUTERS WERE PEOPLE.

"COMPUTER" WAS ORIGINALLY A JOB TITLE.

it was used to describe

those
human
beings
(predominantly women)
whose job
was to
perform the repetitive
calculations required to
compute such things as
navigational
tables,
tide
charts,
and

ABACUS
Theabacuswas an early aid for
mathematical computations.
It aids the memory of the human
performing the calculation.
A skilled abacus operator can work on
addition and subtraction problems
at the speed of a person equipped
with
a
hand
calculator
(multiplication and division are
slower).
The oldest surviving abacus was used

The old Abacus

A MORE MODERN ABACUS. NOTE HOW THE

ABACUS IS REALLY JUST A REPRESENTATION
OF THE HUMAN FINGERS: THE 5 LOWER
RINGS ON EACH ROD REPRESENT THE 5
FINGERS AND THE 2 UPPER RINGS
REPRESENT
THE
2
HANDS.

NAPIER'S BONES

In 1617 an eccentric (some

say mad) Scotsman named
John Napier
inventedlogarithms, which
is a technology that allows
multiplication to be
performed via addition.

AN ORIGINAL SET OF NAPIER'S

BONES [PHOTO COURTESY IBM]

A MORE MODERN SET OF NAPIER'S BONES

PASCALINE
In 1642 Blaise Pascal,
at age 19, invented
thePascalineas an aid
for his father who was
a tax collector.
Pascal built 50 of this
gear-driven
onefunction calculator (it
could only add)

1642 PASCAL'S PASCALINE [PHOTO

2002 IEEE]

A 6 DIGIT MODEL FOR THOSE WHO

COULDN'T AFFORD THE 8 DIGIT MODEL

A PASCALINE OPENED UP SO YOU CAN

OBSERVE THE GEARS AND CYLINDERS
WHICH ROTATED TO DISPLAY THE
NUMERICAL RESULT

JACQUARDS LOOM
In 1801 the Frenchman
Joseph
Marie
Jacquard
invented a power loom
that could base its weave
(and hence the design on
the fabric) upon a pattern
automatically read from
punched wooden cards,
held together in a long row

BY SELECTING PARTICULAR CARDS FOR

JACQUARD'S LOOM YOU DEFINED THE WOVEN
PATTERN [PHOTO 2002 IEEE]

A CLOSE-UP OF A
JACQUARD CARD

JACQUARD'S LOOM SHOWING THE

THREADS AND THE PUNCHED
CARDS

Weavin
g loom

DIFFERENCE - ANALYTIC
ENGINE

The computer as we know it today

had its beginning with a 19th
century
English
mathematics
professor name Charles Babbage.
The first fully-automatic calculating
machine

COMPUTER
GENERATIONS

FIRST GENERATION: 1937

1946

In 1937 the first electronic

digital computer was built by
Dr. John V. Atanasoff and
Clifford Berry.
It was called the AtanasoffBerry Computer (ABC)

Atanasoff-Berry
Computer (ABC)

MAINFRAME COMPUTER
- BIG computers

ENIAC
The title of forefather of today's
all-electronic digital computers is
usually awarded toENIAC, which
stood for Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Calculator.
The first general purpose digital
computer that uses vacuum
tubes
Weighed 30 tons, and had

SECOND GENERATION: 1947

1962
used transistors instead of
vacuum tubes which were
more reliable
In 1951 the first computer for
commercial use was
introduced to the public; the
Universal Automatic
Computer (UNIVAC 1)

THIRD GENERATION: 1963 PRESENT

The invention of integrated
circuit brought us the third
generation of computers

 With this invention computers

became smaller, more powerful
more reliable and they are able
to run many different programs
at the same time

MINI COMPUTER
A
midsizedcomputer.
Known as cabinet
computers
PDP-12
computer of
1969

MICROCOMPUTER
a small, relatively
inexpensive
computer with a
microprocessor as
its central
processing unit
(CPU).

WHAT IS COMPUTER?

Acomputeris an electronic
device
that
manipulates
information, or data. It has
the ability tostore,retrieve,
&processdata. You can use a
computer to type documents,
send email, and browse the
internet.

COMPONENTS OF
COMPUTER
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Peopleware

COMPONENTS OF
COMPUTER
1. Hardware - the physical,
touchable, electronic and
mechanical parts of a computer
system.
part of your computer that has
aphysical structure

Example: monitor,
keyboard

System Unit

Screen

Monitor

Speaker
Speaker

Keyboard

Mouse

Microphone

2. Software - set of instruction

that tells the hardware what to
do. (also called a program).
It guides the hardware to
operate effectively.
Example: Microsoft Word
Microsoft Powerpoint
Web Browser (Google
Chrome)

TWO KINDS OF
SOFTWARE
1.System Software
2.Application Software

1. System Software Any

software required to support the
production or execution of
application programs
MAC

LINUX

WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM?

- themost important
softwarethat runs on a
computer.
- allows you
tocommunicatewith the
computer without knowing how
to speak the computer's
"language."
- Without an operating system, a
computer is useless.

2. Application Software
Designed to help the user to
perform singular or multiple
related tasks. Examples of
application software are as
follows: Microsoft Word, Excel,
game applications

MICROSOFT
POWERPOINT

MICROSOFT
WORD

CANDY
CRUSH

GOOGLE
CHROME

INTERNET
EXPLORER

DOTA

3. Peopleware
- people involved in
the data processing
operations such as
the system
administrator,
office workers,
students and
others.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT

TYPES OF COMPUTERS?
When you withdraw cash
from an ATM, scan groceries
at the store, or use a
calculator, you're using a
type of computer.

A. DESKTOP COMPUTERS

Also called as Personal Computer (P

B. LAPTOP COMPUTERS

LAPTOP COMPUTERS
Alaptopcomputer is sometimes
called anotebook
computerbecause of its size.
More portablethan desktop
computers, allowing you to use
them almost anywhere.

C. SERVERS

SERVERS
Aserveris a computer that
"serves up" information to
other computers on a network.
Servers also play an important
role in making the Internet
work: They are
wherewebpagesare stored.
When you use your browser to
click a link, a web

PCS AND MACS

Personal computers come
in two main
styles:PCandMac.

PC

Macintosh or Mac

PC
This is the most common type
of personal computer, and it
typically includes
theMicrosoft
Windowsoperating system.

BILL GATES
founder
ofMicrosoft,
the worlds largest
PCsoftwarecompany

STEVE JOBS
founder,
chairman, and
CEO ofApple
Inc.

MACINTOSH OR MAC
All Macs are made by one
company,AppleInc., and they
almost always use theMac OS
Xoperating system.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE
PARTS OF COMPUTER
1. System unit
2. Input devices
3. Output devices

A. MAJOR HARDWARE
COMPONENTS OF A
COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. System Unit
2. Motherboard /
Mainboard / System Board
3. CPU (Central Processing
Unit)

4. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

5. Optical Drive

A. MAJOR HARDWARE
COMPONENTS OF A
COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. System Unit
The main part of a microcomputer,
sometimes
called
with
the
following names:
Chassis
Tower
Base unit
Computer Case

System Unit

HOW TO TAKE CARE OF

THE SYSTEM UNIT
Free from dust
Use correct screw driver for
opening the computer case
Slide the cover gently

2. MOTHERBOARD

Motherboard - known in the

following names:
Mainboard
System Board
- The main circuit board of a
computer.
- It contains all the circuits and
components that run the computer.

HOW TO HANDLE
MOTHEBOARD
Do not touch components
within the CPU socket area
Hold it from the corners/sides

3. CPU (Central Processing

Unit)
- The processor is the main
brain or heart of a computer
system.
- Accept input & performs
instructions and calculations

HOW TO HANDLE
PROCESSOR

Processors are very

susceptible to shock, make
sure to handle them from
the corners/ sides.
Dont touch the Integrated
Circuit (IC) pins

4. HARD DISK DRIVE

The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data.
In a Windows computer, the
hard drive is usually configured
as the C: drive and contains the
operating system and
applications.

Hard Disk
Drive

HOW TO TAKE CARE OF

HARD DISK DRIVE
Don't remove too often and
put back into the hard disk
for CPU.
Hard hit by turmoil very
sensitive, then the data in
the hard disk data loss risk.

5. OPTICAL DRIVE
An optical drive is a
storage device that uses
lasers to read data on the
optical media.
There are three types of
optical drives: Compact
Disc (CD), Digital Versatile
Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray

COMPACT DISK (CD)

for electronically recording,
storing, and playing back
audio, video, text, and other
information indigitalform.

HOW TO TAKE CARE OF

CD
DO NOT touch the data side of the
disk (the side of the disk with no
label).
DO NOT apply paper labels or write on
any part of the disk, data side or label
side.
If dust or fingerprints get on to the
disk, wipe with a dry cloth from the
center of the disk to the edge.
DO NOT place the disk in any place

CLASSIFICATION OF THE PARTS

OF COMPUTER
A. System unit
B. Input devices
C. Output devices

Computer
Peripherals

COMPUTER PERIPHERALS

devices that are attached to a

computer
not part of the system unit, but are
important since they provide the
input and output functions in order
for the users to perform their tasks

B. INPUT DEVICES
anyperipheral(piece
ofcomputer
hardwareequipment) that
accepts data and instructions
from the user or from another
computer system.

The basic peripherals that

you will need to start-up
the computer are:
Web Cam
Keyboard
Mouse

Web Camera

Keyboard

Microphone

Gamepa
d

TWO (2) TYPES OF INPUT

DEVICES
1. Keyboard Entry
2. Direct Entry

1. Keyboard Entry
. Data is inputted to the
computer through a
keyboard.

Keyboard - The first input

device developed for the
PC.

Keyboard

2. Direct Entry
.A form of input that does
not require data to be
keyed by someone sitting
at a keyboard.

THREE CATEGORIES OF
DIRECT ENTRY DEVICES
1.Pointing Devices
2. Scanning Devices
3. Voice- Input Devices

1. Pointing Devices - An input

device used to move the
pointer (cursor) on screen.
Mouse - The most common
'pointing device' used in PCs.
Every mouse has two buttons
and most have one or two
scroll wheels.

Touch screen
A display screen that is
sensitive to the touch of a
finger or stylus.

Light Pen
A light-sensitive stylus wired
to a video terminal used to
draw pictures or select menu
options.

THREE CATEGORIES OF
DIRECT ENTRY DEVICES
1.Pointing Devices
2. Scanning Devices
3. Voice- Input Devices

2. SCANNING DEVICES

Adevicethat can read text

or illustrations printed on
paper and translates the
information into a form the
computer can use.

Image scanner

Image Scanner

Bar Code Reader

3.VOICE- INPUT
DEVICES
Audio input devices also known
as speech or voice recognition
systems that allow a user to
send audio signals to a
computer for processing,
recording, or carrying out
commands.

Microphones

CLASSIFICATION OF THE PARTS

OF COMPUTER
A. System unit
B. Input devices
C. Output devices

C. OUTPUT DEVICES
Any piece of computer
hardware that displays
results after the computer
has processed the input
data that has been entered

Monitor

Projector

Printer

Speake
r

CLASSIFICATION OF
OUTPUT DEVICES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Computer Display Monitor

LCD Projectors
Smart Board
Printer
Speaker

1. COMPUTER DISPLAY
MONITOR

It
displays
information in visual
form, using text and
graphics. The portion
of the monitor that
displays
the
information is called

TYPES OF MONITOR
A. CRT Monitors
Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) are
relatively big (14" to 16"
deep) and heavy (over 15
lbs).

Cathode Ray Tube Monitor

B. LCD Monitors
Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD) technology has
been used in laptops for
some time.

Liquid Crystal Display Monitor

C. LED Monitors
LightEmittingDiode

OTHER USE OF LED

TRAFFIC LIGHT

FLASH LIGHT

DIGITAL READOUTS

2. LCD PROJECTORS

a type ofvideo projectorfor

displaying video, images or
computer data on a screen or
other flat surface. It is a
modern equivalent of the
slide projectoror
overhead projector.

PROJECTOR IMAGE

Overhead
Projector

3. SMART BOARD

A type of display screen

that has a touch sensitive
transparent panel covering
the screen, which is similar
to a touch screen.

SMARTBOARD

4. PRINTER

A device that prints text or

illustrations on paper.

5. SPEAKERS

Used to play sound.

Speakers allow you to
listen to music and hear
sound effects from your
computer.

SPEAKERS