m The ICE finds its place in market with latest design

modifications in various components.

m It improve efficiency, economy & overall
performance by changing the component camshaft.
m In this technology valve motion is operated by valve
actuators of electro-mechanical & electro-hydraulic
type.
Camless engine technology is soon to be a reality for
mass-produced vehicles.
 THE ISSUES THAT HAVE HAD TO BE ADDRESSED IN
THE ACTUATOR DESIGN INCLUDE:

RELIABLE VALVE PERFORMANCE

COST
PACKAGING
POWER CONSUMPTION
NOISE AND VIBRATION

 FOR REDUCTION OF NOISE IN ELECTRO-MECHANICAL

ACTUATOR TECHNOLOGY A SOFT-LANDING OF THE
VALVES HAS TO BE ACHIEVED.
m INCLUDED ARE POPPET
VALVES THAT ARE OPERATED
BY ROCKER ARM(TAPPETS).
m THE VALVE TRAIN IN A
TYPICAL. IC-ENGINES
COMPRISES SEVERAL
MOVING COMPONENTS.
m VALVE SPRINGS USED TO
RETURN THE VALVES TO
THEIR SEATS.
_ Eliminating the iron or ferro magnetic armature by
replacing current-carrying armature coil.

_ Magnetic field is generated by a magnetic field generator

and is directed across the fixed air gap.

_ The force generated on the armature coil drives linearly

in the air gap in a direction parallel to the valve stem.

_ Depending upon the direction of current supplied to the

armature coil, the valve will be driven towards an open
or closed position.

_ The forces are constant along the distance of travel of the

armature because air gap is constant.
_ REFFERING NOW TO FIGURES 1 TO
4, AN ELECTROMECHANICAL
VALVE ACTUATOR OF THE POPPET
VALVE VARIETY IS ILLUSTRATED IN
CONJUCTION WITH AN INTAKE OR
EXHAUST VALVE(22).

_ THE VALVE INCLUDES A CLOSURE

MEMBER HAVING A CYLINDRICAL
VALVE STEM AND A CYLINDRICAL
VALVE HEAD ATTACHED TO THE
END OF THE STEM.
_ THE VALVE ACTUATOR OF
THE POPPET VALVE SYSTEM
GENERALLY INCLUDES A
HOUSING ASSEMBLY
(34)CONSISTING OF UPPER
AND LOWER TUBULAR
HOUSING
MEMBERS(36)&(42).
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_ ELECTRO HYDRAULIC VALVE COMPRISE
POPPET VALVES MOVABLE BETWEEN A
FIRST AND SECOND
_ AN ELECTRICALLY OPERATED HYDRAULIC
VALVE CONTROLS THE FLOW OF THE
PRESSURIZED HYDRAULIC FLUID TO THE
HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR.
_ THIS SUPPLIES PRESSURE WHEN
ELECTRICALLY PULSED OPEN, AND DUMPS
ACTUATOR OIL TO THE ENGINE OIL SUMP
WHEN THE VALVE IS PULSED TO CLOSE.
_ THE USE OF ENGINE OIL AS THE
HYDRAULIC FLUID SIMPLIFIES AND LOWER
THE COST OF THE DESIGN BY REMOVING
THE NEED FOR A SEPARATE HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM.
_ The most obvious-one infinitely variable valve timing.
_ More torque is made available throughout the rev-range
due to the valve timing changes enabling optimal
volumetric efficiency.
_ This increases engine performance and decreases fuel
consumption, also harmful emissions, increasing durability
&engine life &allowing compensation for different types of
fuel &varying altitudes.
_ Cylinder deactivation is also possible ,with the associated
reduction in emissions.
_ Fuel consumption reductions could be obtained by combining
camless valve technology with a high pressure fuel injection
system.
_ The amount of engine oil required would also reduced.
_ Increases overall valve train efficiency by eliminating cam
shaft mechanism.
_ The graph for valve speed comparison between mechanical
camshaft &camless engine actuation is shown below.
_ The length of the valve stroke in inches verses degrees of
rotation of a mechanical camshaft is illustrated