WELCOME TO NUCLEAR AGENCY MALAYSIA

Prepared by:
Nur Mazilla Binti Zainal ( 20144133778)
Nursuhaida Binti Mohamad ( 20144011646)
Nur Afini Binti Mohammed Shah ( 2014265762)
Nur Zulaika Binti Ahmad Azhari (2014466346)
Muhammad Hafizzudin Bin Norazahar (2014837388)
Ahmad Harith Bin Amiruddin ( 2014206332)

INTRODUCTION

The history of nuclear energy in Malaysia starting with establishment Tun Ismail
(PUSPATI)'s centralized under Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment on 19
September 1972. On 16 June 1983, PUSPATI s name changed to Unit Of Nuclear Energy
and put under Prime Minister's Department. On 10 August 1994, this centralized was
renamed to Institute Research Of Nuclear Energy Malaysia (MINT). Starting from 28
September 2006, it known as Malaysian Nuclear Agency in accordance with the priority in
field of research and development (R&D) to six main area, consist of advanced material,
advanced manufacturing, biotechnology, information and communication technology,
alternative source and nano technology. The foundations objective was to generate new
products and technologies through research and innovation based on the national
development agenda.

SOURCESOFRADIATIONATMAINFACILITIES
At
Gamma Irradiation Centre (SINAGAMA) facility, SINAGAMA
Irradiation Plant uses ionizing energy in the form of gamma radiation
from Cobalt-60 source.. It is initially designed as a for the
sterilization of medical products and packaging materials,
decontamination of food, pharmaceuticals, herbs and animal feeds,
and the disinfestations of insects in agricultural commodities,.
At Radiation Prevulcanized Natural Rubber Latex or Raymintex facility,
RAYMINTEX plant is a pilot plant dedicated to the prevulcanization of
natural rubber latex by using gamma radiation. The plant is capable
of preparing radiation prevulcanized natural rubber latex (RVNRL) up to
6000 tonnes annually, if loaded with 1MCi of radioactive source
cobalt-60, to be supplied to natural rubber latex-dipped product
industries for the purposes of promotional , commercialization and
technology transfer.
At Electron Beam Irradiation Centre or ALURTRON facility, we provide
electron beam irradiation service to treat finished products. The
facility is equipped with handling systems to treat tubal products such as
tubes, wires and cable.. Electron beam could also be used for
sterilization purposes. At commercial level, sago hydrogel based
products such as facial mask, wound dressing and cool-fever patch are
irradiated for simultaneous sterilization and cross linking.

Safety issues of radiated food

More than 40 years of scientific research show that this process is safe.
The radiant energy kills the bacteria in the food, but it does not touch the
food directly. Even though killing bacteria may eliminate food-borne
illnesses, but concerns persist.

Foods like meats and other protein sources show no change in texture

or nutrient content, particular fruits and vegetables can show some

change in texture (mushiness), and some reduction in nutrient content.
Irradiated foods can lose from 2-95% of their vitamins. For example,
irradiation can destroy up to 80% of the vitamin A in eggs, up to 95% of
the vitamin A and lutein in green beans, up to 50% of the vitamin A and
lutein in broccoli, and 40% of the beta-carotene in orange juice.
The foods flavor appears to be unaffected.

and ways to control

TYPESOFRADIATIONRAYS&WAYSTOCONTROL.
Alpha
Alpharadiationistheleastpenetrating.
Itcanbestopped(orabsorbed)byasheetofpaper.

Beta
Betaradiationcanpenetrateairandpaper.
Betacanbestoppedbyathinsheetofaluminium.

Gamma
Gammaradiationisthemostpenetrating.Evensmalllevelscanpenetrateair,paperor
thinmetal.
Higherlevelscanonlybestoppedbymanycentimetreoflead,ormanymetreof
concrete.

X-Rays
Mostlycomefromthesplitting,orfissioning,ofcertainatomsinsideanuclearreactor.
Waterandconcretearethemostcommonlyusedshieldsagainstneutronradiation
fromthecoreofthenuclearreactor.

Neutron
Neutronradiationconsistsofafreeneutron,usuallyemittedasaresultofspontaneous
orinducednuclearfission.Abletotravelhundredsoreventhousandsofmetersinair.
Howeverabletobeeffectivelystoppedifblockedbyahydrogen-richmaterial,suchas
concreteorwater.

USAGES OF RADIATION.
Neutron
Releaseoffree
neutronsfrom
atoms,andthese
freeneutrons
reactswithnuclei
ofotheratomsto
formnewisotope

Alfa
Usefulfor
smoke
detectors,eg:
triggeringthe
alarm

X-rays
Checkforbrokenbonesand
metalordamagesuchas
fractures

Beta
Usedfortracersand
monitoringthe
thicknessofmaterials.

Gamma
Usedtokillcancercellsand
tosterilizedmedical
equipment

Products applicable for preservation using

radiation
Radiationby:

1. MINTecSINAGAMA(gamma radiation): Medical apparatus

for example syringe, gloves, spice, herbs and fruits(ex. Curry
powder, Rambutan , papaya and durian) to export.
2.ALURTRON (electron beam): use for product like facial
mask, cool fever, wound dress and wire.( non-food products)
3.RAYMINTEX (gamma radiation) : use for latex improvement.
Production of gloves ,balloon ,baby teats and many other
dipped products readily exploited by the users (non-food
products)

Advantages & Disadvantages