Under

MICRO
CONTROLLER
BASED
DISTANCE FAULT
LOCATOR IN
UNDERGROUND
the Guidance
of:
Submitted By:
Miss.D.Mamatha
P.Naveen
CABLE Kumar
P.Madan
Md.Karimulla
S.Vishore

Contents
Abstract
Block Diagram
Power Supply
Block Diagram of Micro Controller
ADC
Relay
Liquid Crystal Display
Software Requirements
Working

Abstract
The objective of this project is to determine the distance of underground
cable fault from base station in kilometers.
While a fault occurs for some reason, at that time the repairing process
related to that particular cable is difficult due to not knowing the exact
location of the cable fault. The proposed system is to find the exact location
of the fault.
The project uses the standard concept of Ohms law i.e., when a low DC
voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor (Cable lines),
then current would vary depending upon the location of fault in the cable.
The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing cable length in
KMs and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known KM to
cross check the accuracy of the same. The fault occurring at a particular
distance and the respective phase is displayed on a LCD interfaced to the
micro controller

Block Diagram

Power supply

The 230V AC supply is first stepped down to 12V

AC using a step down transformer.
This is then converted to DC using bridge rectifier.
The AC ripples is filtered out by using a capacitor
and given to the input pin of voltage regulator 7805.
At output pin of this regulator we get a constant 5V
DC which is used for MC and other ICs in this project

Block diagram of MC 8051

ADC
Analog to digital converters find
huge application as an intermediate
device to convert the signals from
analog to digital form.
These digital signals are used for
further processing by the digital
processors.
Various sensors like temperature,
pressure, force etc. convert the
physical characteristics into
electrical signals that are analog in

ADC 0804 is a very

commonly used 8-bit
analog to digital
convertor.
It is a single channel IC,
i.e., it can take only one
analog signal as input.

Relay
A relay is an electrically operated
switch.
Current flowing through the coil of the
relay creates a magnetic field which
attracts a lever and changes the switch
contacts.
The coil current can be on or off so relays
have two switch positions and have double
throw (changeover) switch contacts as
shown in the diagram.

Liquid crystal display

(LCD)

Most

common

LCDs

connected

to

the

microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.

This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20
characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which
refers to the controller chip which receives data from
an external source (and communicates directly with
the LCD.

Flowchart:

Initialize the ports,

declare timer, ADC, LCD
functions.
While
(1)
Turn on relay 1 by making
pin 0 high
Display the
corresponding
phase name
Call ADC Function,Read
ADC
Give ADC output to MC
and give equalent value
to LDC
Display fault
location on
LCD

Call Delay