S o u th w e ste rn In d ia n

Po lyte ch n ic In stitu te
A lb u q u e rq u e N e w M exico

. M s
S . T.E
. S .E Research Outreach in Student
R .O Education
in
Science Technology
Engineering
and Mathematics
 •
In partnership with the

The Department of the Interior's

Bureau of Indian Education

and the Office of

Indian Energy and Economic

Development
•
  Presents
 Indian Education

Renewable Energy
Challenge 2010

 Wind Turbine
Abstract
 A hand full of engineering interns, students and mentors were
presented with the challenge of entering the Indian Education
Renewable Energy Challenge. The goal is to design a wind turbine
powered system that will generate and store wind energy and then
use that energy, stored either mechanically or electronically, to power
an array of LEDs. Obviously, as in most competitions, there are certain
constraints that have to be followed, which will be discussed later on
in the following proposal.
 A decision had to be made about how we would go about
generating and storing energy from the turbine, then how we would
utilize that energy to light as many LEDs as possible. We needed to
weigh the pros and cons of using either a vertical axis or horizontal
axis turbine according to the constraints outlined by the BIE. A second
energy module would be needed power the LEDs, but we would have
to produce the energy with flowing water. The process of putting it all
together was a tough task since a lot of difficult decisions had to be
discussed and explored thoroughly.
 The components needed to be systematically arranged so that
they can work together in an organized manner. We also would need a
structurally sound frame to hold it all together, taking into account all
 Wind Turbine Team
Vertical, Horizontal, Hydro Designs
Fa l l
9


2 0 0
Tie rn e y Ya zzie - N M S U
M e n to r
R a lp h Ke lly -U N M M e n to r
Fa y G a rre a u -S IPI In te rn
Ja so n T h o m a s- S IPI In te rn
A n th o n y M a lo n e y -S IPI
In te rn
C a lvin S ila s- E n g r 1 0 5
Jo se p h H e rn a n d e z- E n g r
105
S te ve n Po la cca - E n g r 1 0 5
E lca ro Le e - E n g r 1 0 5
C id ro To m - E n g r 1 0 5
R e g g ie O ve rto n -In te rn
H a rd y B ra n n o n -E n g r 1 0 5
 Wind Turbine Team
Vertical, Horizontal, Hydro Designs

0 1 0
n g 2
S p ri
Ralph Kelly-UNM Mentor
Marvin Roybal UNM Mentor

Joseph Hernandez- SIPI

Intern/Engr 280
Steven Polacca-SIPI

Intern/Eng280
Calvin Silas-Intern/Engr 280

Elcaro Lee-Engr 280

JoBeth Dupree-Engr 105

Preston Hill-Engr 105

John David-Engr 105

Charlie Brown-Engr 105

Jeremy Sampson-Engr 105

 S IP I V e rtica lW in d Tu rb in e
Pro p o sa l
Summary:
For the past 5 years Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute’s
Engineering Program has implemented various educational programs to
its science and technology department. The programs touch on
subjects from robotics to IT communication systems and now have their
sights on renewable energy technology.
 
Introduction:
Our team will build and design a vertical axis wind turbine from scratch
to obtain the knowledge, understanding, and concepts of how a wind
turbine operates. Along the way, we expect to run into some problem
and difficulties, which will provide more problems solving challenges to
our team.
 S IP I V e rtica lW in d Tu rb in e
Pro p o sa l
 The Goal:
 The BIE (Bureau of Indian Education) renewable energy
challenge is based on wind energy which consists of two modules,
the wind turbine and the energy module. Module 1 is the turbine
module. The design requirements are to make the turbine blades
from balsa wood with the maximum diameter of three ft. The base
of the turbine must be stabilized during operation in a 4ft² areas
and must be portable. Module 2 is the energy module. It will
collect the energy being produced by the wind turbine. This
energy will be stored in (2) 6v rechargeable batteries. Once the
batteries are charged it will power the water pump that transport
water out from storage container A into storage container B. There
will be a release valve located below storage container B. When
the container is filled, the valve will be turned releasing the water.
This flow of water will operate a hydro turbine producing hydro
electric power which will light up as many LED’s as possible in the
LED array.
 



 S IP I V e rtica lW in d Tu rb in e
Pro p o sa l
 The Solution:
 Module 1. The turbine will be a vertical axis turbine capable
of operating in any wind direction. The blade design is made from
a total of (24) strips of balsa wood 8”x ¼”x 36” and each blade is
reinforced with (5) 1”x3/16” balsa wood wheels. It will have an
eclipse curvature profile from the top view and a half dome like
shape from the side view. The blade’s overall diameter is 16”, 36”
in height and ½” thick. Each blade will be made from (4) strips of
balsa wood (dimensions mentioned above), where two strips are
glued together, (5) ½” arch slots are carved along one side of strip
where it measures 36” to embed reinforcement wood wheels,
another two strips of balsa wood are glued together and arch slots
are carved, now both glued strips can be locked in place. The
turbine will have six blades arrayed in 360º polar from the center
of the rotor and mounted above the stator.
V e rtica lW in d Tu rb in e
C o n ce p t

Appendix B
Module 1
Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine
Vertical Wind Turbine
Concept
 The energy module’s
frame design will be built in
sections of three. Each
section can be staked on
top of the other to make
one unit. The sections will
be built with 2”x2”
construction wood, the
frame is held together with
(8) ½” x 5” stainless steel
bolts, (8) ½” hex nuts, and
(16) 1” washers with ½”
hole in the center.
 Vertical Wind Turbine
Concept

The turbine will be a vertical axis turbine capable of operating in any wind direction. The blade
design is made from a total of (24) strips of balsa wood 8”x ¼”x 36” and each blade is reinforced
with (5) 1”x3/16” balsa wood wheels. It will have an eclipse curvature profile from the top view
and a half dome like shape from the side view. The blade’s overall diameter is 16”, 36” in height
and ½” thick. Each blade will be made from (4) strips of balsa wood (dimensions mentioned
above), where two strips are glued together, (5) ½” arch slots are carved along one side of strip
where it measures 36” to embed reinforcement wood wheels, another two strips of balsa wood are
glued together and arch slots are carved, now both glued strips can be locked in place. The
turbine will have six blades arrayed in 360º polar from the center of the rotor and mounted above
the stator.
 Vertical Wind Turbine
Concept

(18) Neodymium 42 Magnets measuring 4.5”x3”x ½” will be incased in resin and mounted
below the rotor and will sit 4mm above the stator. The magnet’s casing will be held in place
with (4) 1/8”x1½” bolts and (4) 1/8” hex nuts. As it is being casted a prefabricated circular
magnet positioning jig will be used to keep the magnets aligned toward the center, then ¼”
layer of polyester resin is poured in a flat donut shape mold. After the resin cast has cured it
will be drilled with (4) 1/8” holes for mounting.
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Fab r i c a ti o n
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Results
 Results
Vertical Turbine Performance Data

Fan Displacement 25” 44” 80”

Rload 50 ohms 50 ohms 50 ohms

Stip 654 fpm 604 fpm 524 fpm

69 64 56

Ew 77% 81% 78%

Wavg 850 fpm 742 fpm 670 fpm

Wrms 190mW 180mW 160mW

Vrms 3.1 volts 3.0 volts 2.8 volts

 Results
See Graph for Wind speed versus Power

Test Fan 25” from front of turbine

Wind speed: 850 fpm

9.6 miles/hr
Near front of turbine
1100 fpm (top left)
1000 fpm (top right)
300 fpm (center)
900 fpm (bottom left)
950 fpm (bottom right)

RPM of Turbine =

60 sec x ___ 1 _____. = 69 rpm Stip = 60 pi DT 60 sec = 45 fpm

min 18 coils x Pcoil 18 Pcoil min

Vrms = Vpx 0.707 x duty cycle Duty Cycle = 2 Pvp / Pcoil

= 7.0 x 0.707 x 2 x (0.015 / 0.048) = 3.09 Vrms

Power = V2rms /Rload = 3.092 / 50 = 192 mW

 Results
Test Fan 44” from front of turbine

Wind speed: 742 fpm

Near front of turbine
900 fpm (top left)
900 fpm (top right)
261 fpm (center)
650 fpm (bottom left)
1000 fpm (bottom right)

RPM of Turbine =

60 sec x ___ 1 _____. = 64 rpm Stip = 60 pi DT 60 sec = 604 fpm

min 18 coils x Pcoil 18 Pcoil min

Vrms = Vpx 0.707 x duty cycle Duty Cycle = 2 Pvp / Pcoil

= 7.0 x 0.707 x 2 x (0.017 / 0.052) = 3.0 Vrms

Power = V2rms /Rload = 2 / 50 = 180 mW

 Results
Test Fan 80” from front of turbine

Windspeed: 670 fpm

Near front of turbine
400 fpm (top left)
900 fpm (top right)
200 fpm (center)
950 fpm (bottom left)
900 fpm (bottom right)

RPM of Turbine =

60 sec x ___ 1 _____. = 56 rpm Stip = 60 pi DT 60 sec = 524 fpm

min 18 coils x Pcoil 18 Pcoil min

Vrms = Vpx 0.707 x duty cycle Duty Cycle = 2 Pvp / Pcoil

= 7.0 x 0.707 x 2 x (0.020 / 0.060) = 2.8Vrms

Power = V2rms /Rload = 2.82 / 50 = 160 mW

Ernest Gorman Presents the
SIPI Vertical Wind Turbine

Click picture to start clip

 Horizontal Wind Turbine
 

Design Proposal
 
Win-Raider PTA3000R team is on an engineering mission consisting

of inspired individuals out to research, compare concepts and

establish a unique wind turbine design to the technical
specifications stipulated by the Bureau of Indian Education and the
Indian Energy and Economic Development.
 

Our design, Win-Raider PTA3000R is a unique design that will seize

the attention of curious individuals who are involved in the Field of

Renewable Energy. The design is similar to the horizontal wind
turbine; however the blade design and its reversed horizontal
position in a down-wind effect will function uniquely creating much
controversy among engineers.
 

The second phase of this competition is to relate all crucial

information through research, pertaining to our product

specification and the competition rules and regulations.

 Horizontal Wind
TurbineDesign Concept
Blade Theory:
 

Some of the things that related to the blade design were the velocity of wind

to the amount of surface area that the blades could catch and harness.
Some of the parameters to consider are pitch of blades, velocity of wind,
internal moment of inertia of blades, friction of generator, density of air,
diameter of blades, and sweep area. One consistent equation that always
came about was the Power in Wind equation with units in watts. It is as
follows…

 Horizontal Wind Turbine
Design Concept
Calculating Power in Wind can be done using excel. The calculation can be


found on figure 2.1. At best home made blades can only convert 25% of
total wind power. The energy for blade power is….


T h is w a s d e rive d fro m …
 Horizontal Wind Turbine
Design Concept
 We have developed a unique design taken from nature. Whales have
a fin that gives them a 35% efficiency. We feel that this will give us a blade
that will have high response with a sufficient amount of torque to get the
blades moving at minimal wind velocities. Here is our blade design. It will
be made of balsa wood and it will be constructed by hand. The balsa wood
blade design has a significant importance to the product response. When a
thrust of wind, magnitude to 3 miles per hour interacts in comparison to 2x
magnitude response, its feed back is square its velocity. The blade will be
offset at a 22.5 degree angle and will have a unique design that will catch
minimal wind for rotation. The whalebone effect is compared to the
interaction and response of the northern region blue whale in United States
and has played a vital role in correspondence to technology. The simplicity
of the structure of the whale fin vs. in airborne turbulent product of a wing
magnifies the deliverance of the stability of turbulent mass.


1’ 5.5”
Whalebone Fin Blade Design
 Horizontal Wind Turbine
Design Concept
Shell & Mount Design:
 

 The whale fin blade design will be placed on the following concept
that we have. Our hub design will house the generator and wiring. The
shell and mount design are as follows…
 Horizontal Wind Turbine
Design Concept

 The final product. It is

important to note that the
direction the wind would be
blowing is from left to right. Our
product was inspired by fishing
lures and it will be a down wind
windturbine. It has no control
for which direction the shell and
blades face. It is free floating to
respond to the drag of the wind.
The top will wind up to a certain
tension using sturdy cords and
when the wind stops blowing
will unwind back to zero
tension.
•
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Steven Polacca Presents the
SIPI Horizontal Turbine

Click picture to start clip

 Hydro Turbine
Module 2
Energy Module
 Hydro Turbine
 Section 1: This
section is the critical
portion of the frame’s
design because it
supports the weight of
section(s) 2 and 3.
Also the bottom part of
section 1 the frame
design is a four sided
star providing stability.
Section 1 will house
container A that is
already filled with five
gallons of water,
where it connects to
the inlet hose of the
pump.

 Hydro Turbine
S e ctio n 2 : T h is se ctio n w illb e sta cke d a b o ve se ctio n 1 a n d se cu re d
w ith ( 4 ) sta in le ss ste e lb o lts, ( 4 ) h e x n u ts a n d ( 2 ) w a sh e rs
( dimensions mentioned earlier). Power being produced from
th e tu rb in e w ille n te r a re ctifie r circu it w h ich ch a n g e s A C to D C
fo r ch a rg in g th e b a tte ry. T h e re ctifie r is m o u n te d o n a n
A lu m in u m h e a t-sin k to ke e p it co o la n d p re ve n t d a m a g e fro m
o ve r h e a tin g . T h e n e g a tive a n d p o sitive te rm in a ls o f th e re ctifie r
w illb e w ire d to th e b a tte ry in th e co rre ct p o la rity. T h e se w illb e
( 2 ) 6V 9A rechargeable batteries wired in series to produce
1 2 V d c@ 9 A , if w ire d in p a ra lle lth e o u tco m e w o u ld b e
6 V d c@ 1 8 A . O n ce th e b a tte rie s a re fu lly ch a rg e it w ill
o p e ra te th e Flo - je t p u m p . T h e p u m p is se a le d in co rro sio n
re sista n t m a te ria lexte n d in g p e rfo rm a n ce a n d life .
M a n u fa ctu re d w ith in je ctio n m o ld in g te ch n o lo g y ,
it e lim in a te s p o te n tia lle a k p a th s. It o p e ra te s o n 1 2 V d c w ith
9 A a n d p u m p s 1 . 3 G PM @ 5 0 p si. E q u ip p e d w ith a p re ssu re
sw itch co n tro llin g th e p siin ( 3 ) in te rva ls o f 5 0 , 1 0 0 , a n d 1 5 0 p si.
Pu m p in p u t/ o u tp u t b a rb size s a re 3 / 8 th ” in diameter, (2) three
feet rubber hose will be fastened with (2) 1” screw clamps on
each barb. Container A is filled with five gallons of water and
will be connected to the inlet hose and water is pumped out the outlet hose to fill
container B. Section 2 will house the rectifier circuit, (2) 6Vdc rechargeable
batteries, (1) 12Vdc water pump, (1) hydro turbine, (1) 3ft PVC and an LED array.
 Hydro Turbine
S e ctio n 3 : T h is se ctio n w illb e sta cke d
a b o ve se ctio n 2 , a lso se cu re d w ith ( 4 )
sta in le ss ste e lb o lts, ( 4 ) h ex n u ts a n d ( 2 )
w a sh e rs ( d im e n sio n s m e n tio n e d e a rlie r).
S e ctio n 3 w illh o u se co n ta in e r B and
co n n e cts to th e o u tle t h o se fro m th e
p u m p . A 1 ½ in ch b a llva lve w illb e
m o u n te d ju st b e lo w th e co n ta in e r a n d a
3 ft P V C p ip e w illb e fitte d . A fte r th e
co n ta in e r is fille d , th e va lve re le a se s
w a te r a llth e w a y th ro u g h a 3 ft. 1 ½ ”
P V C p ip e th a t exte n d s d o w n w a rd to
se ctio n 2 . A t th e b o tto m e n d o f th e P V C
p ip e th e re w illb e th e h yd ro tu rb in e . T h e
h yd ro tu rb in e w illb e b u ilt fro m th e
g ro u n d u p b e co m in g a sm a llco m p a ct
sin g le p h a se a lte rn a to r. It w illco n sist o f
( 4 ) coils, each with 75 winds of 12 AWG
a n d ( 4 ) 3 ” x2 ” x¼ ” N e o d ym iu m 4 2
m a g n e ts. W a te r w illp a ss th ro u g h th e
h yd ro tu rb in e s cu p p e d b la d e s ca p tu rin g
th e w a te r. T h e sh a ft w illro ta te
p ro d u cin g A C e le ctricity e ve ry tim e th e
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Results

Click picture to start clip

 Acknowledgements

  Dr. Nader Vadiee (SIPI Coordinator /Faculty Engineering

Programs)
 Mr. James Dunn (SIPI Coordinator/Faculty Renewable Energy
Programs)
 Jeff Walters (Campus Faculty)
 SIPI Facilites



