FOUNDATION AND PILE DRIVIN

G EQUIPMENTS

Foundation
Afoundationisthelowestandsupportinglayerofastructure
dividedintotwocategories:
shallowfoundationsand
deepfoundations.

 Shallow foundations
o

Shallow foundations, often called footings, are usuall

y embedded about a metre or so into soil.

Spread footing which consists of strips or pads of concrete,

transfer the weight from walls and columns to the soil
Slab-on-grade foundation where the weight of the building is
transferred to the soil through a concrete slab placed at the
surface.
reinforced mat slabs, which range from 25 cm to several metres t
hick, depending on the size of the building

Shallow foundation construction example

 Deep foundations
o

Deep foundation is used to transfer the load down throu

gh the upper weak layer of topsoil to the stronger layer of su
bsoil below.

o Deep footings including impact driven piles, drilled shafts, ca

issons, helical piles, geo-piers and earth stabilized columns.
o Historically, piles were wood, later steel, reinforced concrete,
and pre-tensioned concrete

 Monopile foundation
o

A monopile foundation is a type of

deep foundation

Which uses a single, generally large-diameter, str

uctural element embedded into the earth to support all
the loads (weight, wind, etc.) of a large above-surface
structure.

A large number of monopile foundations have been

utilized in recent years for economical construction

 Design
o

The primary design concerns are settlement and

bearing capacity.

When considering settlement, total settlement and

differential settlement is normally considered.

Differential settlement is when one part of a foundation

settles more than another part.

This can cause problems to the structure the foundation

is supporting.

Pile driving Equipment

o
o

A pile driver is a mechanical device

Used to drive piles (poles) into soil to provide
foundation support for buildings or other structures.
o
One traditional type of pile driver includes a heavy
weight placed between guides so that it is able to freel
y slide up and down in a single line.
o
The weight is raised, which may involve the use of
hydraulics, steam, diesel, or manual labour.
o
When the weight reaches its highest point it is the
n released and smashes into the ground.

crane with a
pile driver

Equipment consist of:

Pile driving hammer
Pile driver
Accessory Tools

Types
Ancient pile driving equipment used manual or a
nimal labor to lift heavy weights, usually by mean
s of pulleys, to drop the weight onto the end of th
e pile.
Modern pile driving equipment uses various met
hods to raise the weight and guide the pile

Diesel hammer
A Diesel hammers impact compression, impact and ex
plosion energy to the pile
1) Raise the piston to start
2) Injection of diesel fuel and compression
3)Impact and explosion
4)Exhaust ports exposed and gases escape.
5)Draws fresh air through the exhaust ports.

Vertical Travel Lead Systems

o Developed in response to the fundamental limitations of either a fixed l
ead or swinging lead system.
o The fixed lead system is well suited to level job sites with few obstructi
ons and has the advantage of faster positioning of the lead.
o The hanging lead is very adaptable to different elevations and batter pi
les but takes much longer to position.
o

The Vertical Travel Lead was developed to combine the fast and accu
rate positioning of fixed leads, with the ability to adjust the height of the
lead base up or down.

o The VTL is connected to the boom by a sliding connection, which allo

ws the lead to be elevated or lowered below grade.

o Vertical Travel Leads come in two main forms: Spud and Box
Lead types.

VerticalTravelLeads

Pile Hammer
To furnish the energy required to drive a pile. Pile driving ha
mmers are designated by type and size
The hammer types commonly used include the following:
o Single-acting stream or compressed air
o Drop
o Double-acting stream or compressed air
o Differential-acting stream or compressed air
o Diesel
o Hydraulic
o Vibratory drivers

Hydraulic hammer
o Moderntypeofpilinghammer
o Usedinplaceofdieselandairhammersfordrivingsteel
pipe,precastconcrete,andtimberpiles.
o Moreenvironmentallyacceptablethantheolder,lesseffi
cienthammersastheygeneratelessnoiseandpollutant
s.
o Dominantnoiseiscausedbytheimpactofthehammer
onthepile

Hydraulic press-in
o
o

Specialty equipment which installs piles using hydraulic rams to press

piles into the ground.
Preferred where vibration is a concern.

There are press attachments that can adapt to conventional pile

driving rigs to press 2 pairs of sheet piles at a time.

Additional types of press equipment sit on top of existing sheet

piles and grip onto previously driven piles.

Allows for greater press-in and extraction force to be used since

more reaction force is developed.

The reaction based machines operate at only 69dB at 23 ft

allowing for installation and extraction of piles.

steelsheetpilebeinghydraulicallypressed

Vibratory pile driver/extractor

o Designed in such a way that horizontal vibrations cancel out, while vertic
al vibrations are transmitted into the pile.
o

The pile driving machine is lifted and positioned over the pile by means
of an excavator or crane

o Vibratory hammers can either drive in or extract a pile

o Hydraulic fluid is typically supplied to the driver by a diesel engine power
ed pump mounted in a trailer or van and connected to the driver head thr
ough a set of long hoses.
o Hammers are available with several different vibration rates, ranging fro
m about 1200 vibrations per minute to about 2400 VPM

vibratorypiledriverpoweredbyadieselengine

Piling rig
o

Piling rig is a construction machine for piling in foundation engineeri

ng.

o Mainly applied to drill in sandy soil, clay, silty clay, etc.

o widely used cast-in-place piles, diaphragm walls, foundation reinforceme
nt and other foundation projects.
o power of engine is around 108450 kW
o

output torque 60400 KNm

o maximum pile diameter 1.54 m

o

maximum pile depth 6090 m.

o easy and comfortable to control.

o mainly used in foundation engineering of municipal construction,
expressway, bridge, industrial and civil buildings, diaphragm wall, water
conservancy project, Slope protection, etc.

Junttanpurpose-built
piledrivingrig

PILING RIGS CATEGORIES

1) middle-sized torque is around 120180 kN.m, engine pow
er 125200 kW, drilling diameter 0.81.8m, drilling depth 60
m, total quality 4265t.
2) large-sized - torque is around 240 kN.m, engine power 300
kW, drilling diameter 12.5m, drilling depth 80m, total qualit
y 100t
3) small-sized torque is around 60100 kN.m, engine power
108 kW, drilling diameter 0.51.2m, drilling depth 40m, total
quality 40t.

THANK
YOU.
THANK YOU.