SEMIN

AR ON
ASIC

CONTENTS

ASICs DEFINATION
TYPES OF ASICs
ASICs DESIGN FLOW
ASICs APPLICATION

ASIC
AN APPLICATION SPECIFIC
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (ASIC)
IS A SEMICONDUCTOR
DEVICE DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR A SPECIFIC
PURPOSE RATHER THAN
FOR A GENERAL PURPOSE.
EXAMPLES FOR ASIC ICS
ARE : A CHIP FOR A TOY
BEAR THAT TALKS; A CHIP
FOR A SATELLITE.

Types of ASICs
The classification of ASICs is shown below

Full-Custom ASICs
A Full custom ASIC is one which includes some
(possibly all) logic cells that are customized and all
mask layers that are customized.
The designer avoids using pretested and pre
characterized cells for all or part of that design.

Semicustom ASICs
ASICs , for which all of the logic cells are
predesigned and some (possibly all) of the mask
.
layers are customized are called semi custom ASICs.
There are two types of semicustom ASICs
(i) Standard-cellbased ASICs
(ii)Gate-arraybased ASICs.

Standard-Cell Based ASICs

A cell-based ASIC uses
predesigned logic cells (AND
gates, OR gates, multiplexers,
and flip-flops) known as
standard cells.
The ASIC designer defines only
the placement of the standard
cells and the interconnect in a
CBIC.

Gate-Array Based ASICs

There are three types of Gate Array based ASICs Channeled gate arrays.
Channelless gate arrays.
Structured gate arrays.

Channeled gate arrays

In a channeled gate array

space is left between the
rows of transistors for
wiring.

Channel less Gate Array

The routing on a
channelless gate array
uses rows of unused
transistors.

Structured Gate Array

In an embedded gate array
some of the IC area is set
aside and dedicate it to a
specific function. This
embedded area either can
contain a different base cell
that is more suitable for
building memory cells, or it
can contain a complete
circuit block, such as a
microcontroller.

PLDS
A pld can be viewed as black box that contains logic
gates and programmable switches.The
programmable switches allow logic gates inside pld
to be connected together to implement whatever
logic circuit is needed.
A pld is composed of two types of arrays-and array
and or array.

Cont..

FPGA
An FPGA (field programmable gate array) is a
reprogrammable chip which contains hundreds of
thousands of logic gates that internally connects
together to build complex digital circuitry.

FPGA ARCITECHTURE

Logic blocks
To implement combinational
and sequential logic

Interconnect
Wires to connect inputs and
outputs to logic blocks

I/O blocks
Special logic blocks at periphery
of device for external connections

ASIC DESIGN FLOW

The various steps involved in ASIC design flow are given
below.
1.Design entry .
2. Logic synthesis
3.System partitioning
4. Pre-layout simulation
5. Floor planning
6. Placement
7. Routing

Cont..
8.Extraction
9.Postlayout
simulation

ASICsAPPLICATION
ASICs finds many applications in the field of medical,
industrial sectors, automotive and sensors. Electronic
Odometer, Engine Monitor are some ASIC products
suitable for automobile applications. Electronic Odometer
helps to record the mileage of a vehicle. Engine Monitor
and Warning Light Controller is another ASIC product that
monitors different parameters like temperature, voltage etc.
of a vehicle. In medical applications, biometric monitors,
hearing aids are some products.

REFERENCES
Application-specific Integrated CircuitsMichael John Sebastian Smith , Addison
Wesley Longman, Inc
Wikipedia

THANKU