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CONTENTS
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Occurrence, extraction and uses
11.3 Physical properties
11.4 The metals
11.5 Halides
11.6 Oxides and hydroxides
2008 Pearson
CONTENTS
11.7 Salts of oxoacids: carbonates and
hydrogencarbonates
11.8 Aqueous solution chemistry including
macrocyclic complexes
11.9 Non-aqueous coordination chemistry
2008 Pearson
11.1 Introduction
(a)
Some physical properties of the alkali metals, M, and their ions, M+.
2008 Pearson
Some physical properties of the alkali metals, M, and their ions, M+.
2008 Pearson
MELTING POINTS
Melting points of solids refer to : M(s) M(l) , relatively low for this group
All structures are the same type (all metals have body
centred cubic structures) direct comparison is valid down
the group
Low values can be related to the relatively weak M-M
bonding; only one valence electron per M centre
Bcc lattice is non-closed-packed, and this contribute to low
melting points
Down the group M-M become weaker as ns-ns overlap
becomes less effective (more diffuse orbital as n increases)
IONIC RADII
CATION RADII;
General trends is an increase in cation size
down the group
Charge constant (M+), so a direct comparison
down the group is valid
From
The metals Li, Na, K and Rb are silvery-white, but Cs has a goldenyellow cast.
All are soft, Li the least so, and the trend is consistent with their
melting points.
2008 Pearson
11.5 Halides
The structure of the suboxide Cs11O3 consists of three oxygencentred, face-sharing octahedral units. Colour code; Cs, blue; O, red.
2008 Pearson
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THE END
2008 Pearson