Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sophia
Philos
(love)
(wisdom)
Philosophy
Origin: Greek
concerned with...
re
life
f
o
s
e
i
t
i
l
a
dee
pes
t de
sire
s
Instincts
Biological
(primary)
Intellectual
(higher)
Philosophy (definitions)
Philosophy is an unceasing effort to discover the general
truth that lies behind particular facts to discern the reality that lies
behind appearances Raymant
Philosophy is a logical inquiry into the nature of reality Dr.
Radhakrishnan
Philosophy is the attempt to answer ultimate questions
critically Bertrand Russell
Philosophy
(systematic thinking)
Domains
Metaphysics
(Science of
Reality)
Essential features
of the universe
expressed (simple)
new disciplines
Physical
Sciences
Social
Sciences
Epistemology
(Theory of
Knowledge)
Axiology
(Theory of Values)
Nature of truth
Process of
knowing
DUALISM
Reality
Spirit x Matter
(basic qualities)
PLURALISM
Reality
Many qualities;
each entity is
unique (cannot be
equated on basis of
observable)
NATURALISM
PRAGMATISM
Reality is spiritual
and intellectual in
nature
(INDIVIDUAL
MINDS)
Reality is essentially
material/physical
Reality is ever
changing
What we experience
Ideas (believe
in)
SUPREME MIND
Limited to natural
world
Not absolute
Change with
circumstances
Epistemology
(Theory of Knowledge)
knowledge of ideas
and theories
knowledge of physical
world
stress on
reasoning and
intuition
empirical observation
knowledge that
is useful
basis - human
experience
reasoning based on
facts
circumstantial
NATURE
storehouse of appropriate
responses
Lead to
successful
actions
What is ignorance?
ETHICS (Goodness)
conclusive evidence
IDEALISM - Ultimate
set of values/
principles
NATURALISM Reject values
PRAGMATISM reject values
VALUES - subjective
and relative
IDEALISM rule to
examples - deductive
approach
particular - general
NATURALISM - examples
to rule - inductive approach
general particular
PRAGMATISM- partial
evidence
science of character
human conduct
desired behaviour
AESTHETICS
(Beauty)
human nature
objectify
insights/feelings
into artistic object
literary & artistic
culture
dignity
grace
Models of Teaching
The Impression Model
simple
most widespread
learner accumulates basic elements from environment
(not self-generated)
Models of Teaching
The Impression Model (contd..)
retained (mind)
tabula rasa
John Locke
(1632- 1704)
Models of Teaching
The Insight Model
matter of vision
insight (crucial)
Understanding
Applying
Plato
St. Augustine
first hand inspection of realities
(students-own effort)
Models of Teaching
The Insight Model (Shortcomings)
no importance to principles, concepts, reasons
reasoning
personal matter
momentary
Models of Teaching
The Rule Model
matter of reasoning
abiding by principles or
general rules
justice to evidence
cognitive judgment/ thinking
the power to innovate
rational dialogue
critical reflection
Immanuel Kant
(1724-1804)
Models of Philosophy
Models of Education
Impressionist Model
Education as Acquisition
Insight Model
Education as Manifestation
Rule Model
Education as Transaction