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GUIDE
Fieldbus Segment
Segment Calculation
Repeater Connection
Shielding (Screening)
Polarity
The Manchester signal used by fieldbus is an alternating voltage that
changes polarity once or twice per bit.
In unpowered networks only this alternating voltage exists.
In powered networks the alternating voltage is superimposed onto the DC
voltage being used to power the devices.
In either case, the fieldbus receive circuits look at only the alternating
voltage.
Positive voltage swings have one meaning, negative swings have the
opposite meaning.
Therefore, the fieldbus signal is polarized. Field devices must be connected
so that they all see the signal in correct polarity.
If a field device is connected backwards it will see an inverted version of
the alternating voltage and wont be able to communicate.
Installation
Bus Topology
Tree Topology
Point-to-Point Topology
Terminators
A terminator is an impedance
matching module used at or near
each end of a transmission line.
There need to be two (and ONLY
TWO) terminators per bus segment.
The terminators prevent distortion
and signal loss, and are typically
purchased and installed as a
preassembled, sealed module.
The user/installer need not be
concerned about or assemble
individual electrical resistors and
capacitors.
Terminal Blocks
Terminal blocks can be the same terminal blocks as used for 4-20 mA.
The terminal blocks typically provide multiple bus connections, such that a device
can be wired to any set of bus terminals.
Power Supply
Power Conditioner
Grounding
Interface Connection
Basic Troubleshooting
Correct polarity
Correct tag and address
Integrity of the fieldbus network
Supply voltage is sufficient, min 9.5 V even during
communication.
Wiring errors, including wrong connections, open or short
circuits, intermittent
Connections and reversed polarity
Too many or too few terminators on each segment
Faulty out of the box physical layer components or fieldbus
instruments
Inadequate grounding, such as multiple grounds in field, or
the absence of any
clear grounding strategy
Communication Errors
Poor connections
Wrong or no terminator placement
Too low or unstable power supply
Too long or over-populated spurs
Wrong or no grounding
Water filling due to poor plugs and cable-glands
Troubleshooting
Periodic monitoring
Short-circuits between the fieldbus + or and the cable shield.
The signal level of each participant on the bus. A minimum level is
specified by Foundation fieldbus specifications. Low or high levels on all
devices suggest incorrect bus termination, but if the faulty signal level is
only on one device, there is possibly a problem on a single spur.
DC voltage on the bus, indicating correct functioning of power
supply/conditioner.
Noise: A maximum level is specified by Fieldbus specification.
Retransmissions. This provides a good measurement of physical layer
health; retries can obscure faulty device or network.
Tools
Signals
Signal Distortion
Troubleshooting Tables
Oscilloscope Captures
Bad Installation
Bad Installation
Bad Installation
Configuration
Transducer Display
Local Adjustment
Redundancy
No provision is made within either fieldbus
standard
for
redundant
segment
communications.
Various fieldbus vendors, including major
process control companies, have developed
redundant fieldbus schemes that involve
complete duplication of all equipment.
Power Conditioner
Redundancy
Galvanic Isolation
Cabling
Cable Characteristics