Which part of a culture defines it the

most?
A. Religion
B. Education
C. Family roles

A. A
B. B
C. C

Chapter 4 Growth of the

Thirteen Colonies (1607-1770)
Section 2 Government, Religion,
Culture

In what ways was an American

culture developing during the
colonial period?

Trouble in England

Charles II was king

Many people were not satisfied
with his rule
James II, Charles successor,
successor
tried to take powers back
Parliament had taken some away
during the English Civil War
Also wanted to tighten control of
the colonies
1688 Parliament forced out
James and replaced him with his
daughter Mary and her Dutch
husband, William of Orange
The change demonstrated the
power of the elected
representatives over the
monarch
Known as the Glorious
Revolution
William and Mary signed the
English Bill of Rights in 1689
Gave basic rights to all citizens

What did William and Mary do in

order to guarantee basic rights to all
citizens in England?
A. Wrote a constitution
B. Enacted a peace treaty
C. Signed a bill of rights
D. Imprisoned James II

A.
B.
C.
D.

A
B
C
D

Englands View of its Colonies

An economic resource
Should provide raw materials
(lumber)
English manufacturers used
these resources to produce
finished goods
Then sold them back to the
colonists
This is an economic theory
called mercantilism
Theory states that as a
nations trade grows, its gold
reserves increase
The nation then becomes
more powerful
England had to export more
than it imported

To Ensure England Benefited

From trade in the Colonies

Parliament passed several laws
from 1651-1673
Navigation Acts directed trade
between England and the
Colonies
Made colonists use ships made
in England or the Colonies
Prevented Colonists from
shipping certain products
(tobacco and sugar) outside of
Englands empire
Colonists accepted these laws
Later they resented these
restrictions
Wanted to make and sell their
own manufactured goods
where they could get higher
prices
Colonists ignored these laws
and began smuggling with
other nations

Colonial Governments

Colonists had ideas about

government when they arrived
Developed in England
Political liberties like trial by
jury
Limited government and
representative government
They believed that government
was not all powerful
First appeared in the Magna
Carta
Established limited
government
Included: protection against
unfair punishment
Protected against the loss of
life, liberty, and property

Colonial Government
As the colonies grew,
town meetings grew
into small
governments
Made local laws
By the 1760s there
were three types of
Colonies in America
Charter Colonies
Proprietary Colonies
Royal Colonies

Charter Colonies

Connecticut and
Rhode Island
Given a charter to
establish a colony
Colonists elected their
own governor and
members of the
legislature
Great Britain had the
right to approve the
governor
The governor could not
veto the acts of the
legislature

Proprietary Colony
Delaware,
Maryland, and
Pennsylvania
Ruled by
proprietors
(owners)
Free to rule as
they wish
Proprietors
appointed the
governor and
members of the
upper house of
the legislature
Colonists elected
the lower house

Royal Colonies
By 1760s- Georgia,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
New Jersey, New York, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and
Virginia
Britain directly ruled
King appointed a governor and
council (Upper House)
Colonists elected the Lower House
Governor and council usually did
what British leaders told them to do
Often led to conflict with the
colonists in the assembly
Most when officials tried to enforce
tax laws and trade restrictions

Which type of colony was ruled by

individuals or groups to whom Britain
granted land?
A. Charter
B. Proprietary
C. Royal

A. A
B. B
C. C

Voting Rights
Only some people
had voting rights
Generally, white
men who owned
property
In spite of limits, the
proportion of people
involved in
government was
higher in the
colonies
80-90% higher

Great Awakening
A religious revival
through the colonies
from the 1720s-1740s
New England and
Middle Colonies
ministers called for a
new birth
Leaders were
Jonathon Edwards and
George Whitefield
Led to the formation of
many new churches

Family Roles
Men were the head of the household
Men worked in the fields, built barns,
houses, and fences
Sons could be indentured servants or
apprentices
Women ran the household and cared
for the children
Many worked in the fields with their
husbands
Married women had few rights
Unmarried women might work for
wealthy families as a maid
Widows might be teachers, nurses, or
seamstresses
Widows or unmarried could run
business and own property
Women could not vote

Education
Parents taught children to read
and write
New England and Pennsylvania
set up schools to learn to read
and study the Bible
1647- Massachusetts Puritans
passed a public education law
Each community with 50 or
more homes were required to
have a school
By 1750- New England had a
high literacy rate (85% of men)
Night schools were set up for
apprentices
Colleges were set up to train
ministers
Puritans set up Harvard in 1626

Which was the first college in North

America?
A. William and Mary
B. Princeton
C. Harvard
D. University of Virginia

A.
B.
C.
D.

A
B
C
D

The Enlightenment

Many educated people were

influenced by the
Enlightenment
Based on the idea that
knowledge, reason, and
science could improve
society
Interest in science increased
People observed nature,
staged experiments, and
published findings
Best known American
scientist was Ben Franklin

Freedom of Press
1735- John Peter Zenger of the
New York Weekly Journal was
charged with libel
Printed a critical report about the
royal governor of New York
Zengers lawyer (Andrew
Hamilton) argued that freedom of
speech was a basic English right
Hamilton told the jury to make
their decision on whether Zenger
printed the truth, not whether it
was offensive
Jury found Zenger not guilty
Important step in the
development of a free press in
America

In what ways was an American culture

developing during the colonial period?
- The colonists adopted ideas of limited
government and representative government.
- Distinct religious and educational ideas
contributed to the culture
- Family was the basis of society
- Interest in science and invention grew
- Freedom of press was defended

Chapter 4 Section 2 Quiz

During the Glorious Revolution, the British

monarchy gained more power at the
expense of Parliament.
A. True
B. False

After the Navigation Acts were passed,

colonial merchants could not use foreign
ships to send their goods.
A. True
B. False

Most colonists placed a high

value on education.
A. True
B. False

The Enlightenment was a

religious movement.
A. True
B. False

The case involving John Peter Zenger was

an important step in establishing free press
in America.
A. True
B. False

Which laws directed the flow of goods

between England and the colonies?
A. Navigation Acts
B. Merchant's Pledge
C. Colonists Rights
Law
D. Colonies' Charter

Which of the following is not a

type of American colony?
A.
B.
C.
D.

charter colony
compact colony
proprietary colony
royal colony

The only people who could vote

in the colonies were
A. indentured servants.
B. landless white men.
C. white female
property owners.
D. white male property
owners.

What is the name of the first

college founded in North America?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Harvard
Cambridge
William and Mary
Yale

The American who best exemplified the

Enlightenment way of thinking was
A. Jonathan
Edwards.
B. Benjamin
Franklin.
C. George
Whitefield.
D. William Penn.

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