Heriot-Watt University

INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

ECLIPSE 100
Introductory Course
Course tutor: Eric Mackay
12 January 2007

ECLIPSE 100

General purpose black oil simulator

De facto standard

Robust

Obtains input data from a user created file

which uses a keyword system
Output data can be visualised using post
processing packages Floviz and ECLIPSE
Office (or MS Excel)

Conceptually How Eclipse Works

Construct
grid

Kr

Input
data

Provide
PVTand
rockdata

FVF

Sw

GOC
WOC

Initialise
model

Rate

Time

Define
wellsand
supply
production
schedule

Output
visualisation
& analysis

ECLIPSE Input File

Rules govern how input file to be edited

split into sections

each section starts with a keyword

sections must be in order

ECLIPSE File Sections

RUNSPEC

General characteristics of model

GRID

PROPS Fluid properties

SOLUTION Initial reservoir conditions

SUMMARY Output required

SCHEDULE Well data & production schedule

Cell dimensions & rock

properties

Preparing Data File

Data specified using appropriate keywords.

Keywords are explained in the manual.

Keywords must start in column 1 of the file.

Data should be on next line after keyword.

A / must be inserted after specifying the data.

Any line beginning with - - is ignored.

Blank lines are ignored.

ECLIPSE Tutorial 1
1

500

50

500

50

500

50

500
1

500
2

5
500

500

500

500

500

RUNSPEC Section
Contains general information such as:
title of simulation
number of grid cells in model
phases present
units used
maximum number of wells & groups
maximum number of relative permeability
tables
start date of simulation

Tutorial 1: RUNSPEC Section

RUNSPEC keyword

Title (TITLE)
TITLE
3D 2-Phase

Number of grid cells (DIMENS)

DIMENS
(NX) 5

(NY) 5

(NZ) 3

Phases present
OIL

WATER (GAS)

Tutorial 1: RUNSPEC Section

Choice of units
FIELD (METRIC) (LAB)

Maximum number of wells, connections & groups

(WELLDIMS)
WELLDIMS
(max wells) 2
(max cons/well) 3
(max groups) 2

(max wells/group) 1

Maximum number of relative permeability tables

(TABDIMS)
TABDIMS 2

Tutorial 1: RUNSPEC Section

Unified output files

UNIFOUT
(alternative to having output files for each
time step)

Start date (START)

START
1 Jan 2006

GRID Section

Defines the geometry of the simulation

grid and the various rock properties:
geometry
size and location of each grid block

rock properties
porosity and absolute permeability

Tutorial 1: GRID Section

Starts with GRID keyword

Model will use block centred geometry

Data for each grid block can be specified in

either of two ways:
1 Defining values for each cell, one at a time
2 Defining a value for a box which contains
a group of cells

Tutorial 1:
Defining values one cell at a time

Example: set 10 cells to have length of

500 feet using DX keyword
DX
500
500

500
500

or
DX
10*500 /

500
500

500
500

500
500 /

Tutorial 1: Notes on
Defining values one cell at a time

No data on same line as keyword

At least one space between data

If using multiplier * no space on either

side of *
x co-ordinate varies fastest, z co-ordinate
slowest
end input of data with /

Tutorial 1:
Defining values using BOX

Example: Define a box as follows:

X direction - cell 1 to cell 5
Y direction - cell 1 to cell 5
Z direction - cell 1 to cell 1 (top layer only)

Set the depth below sea level of the tops of

each cell in the box to 8,000 feet using the
BOX,
BOX TOPS and ENDBOX keywords

Tutorial 1:
Defining values using BOX
--

X1 X2

Y1 Y2

Z1 Z2

BOX
5

1 /

TOPS
25*8000 /
ENDBOX

Notes
- specify value for each cell in box - use
ENDBOX to end definition

Tutorial 1: GRID Section

Rock properties must be defined for each cell

Absolute permeability in each direction:

PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ

Porosity
PORO

PROPS Section
Contains:
Fluid densities
PVT properties of

dead oil
live oil
dry gas
wet gas
water

Rock compressibility
Relative permeability tables

Tutorial 1: PROPS Section

Starts with PROPS keyword

Oil, water and gas densities (DENSITY)

DENSITY

Tables of PVT properties

PVDO

PVT properties of dead oil

PVTW

PVT properties of water

Rock compressibility (ROCK)

ROCK
Oil and water relative permeabilities in one
(SWOF)
SWOF table

SOLUTION Section
Initial reservoir conditions are set by one of:
1

EQUILIBRATION - Define pressure at datum

depth to allow internal pressure vs. depth
tables to be calculated.

RESTART - Load pressures and saturations

for each grid cell from a previous run.

ENUMERATION - Specify pressures and

saturations for each cell explicitly.

Tutorial 1: SOLUTION Section

Starts with SOLUTION keyword

Use Equilibration data (EQUIL)

EQUIL
pressure at datum depth
WOC
GOC

Outside the transition zones the initial saturations

are set to the appropriate end points of the
saturation table (SWOF)
SWOF

SCHEDULE Section
Drives the simulator by defining:

Well locations and completions

Production and injection rates and
pressures
Time steps
for calculations
for reports

Tutorial 1: SCHEDULE Section

Starts with SCHEDULE keyword

WELSPECS and COMPDAT to specify

Vertical oil production well (prod)
prod in
cells (1,1,1) -> (1,1,3)
Vertical water injection well (inj)
inj in
cells (5,5,1) -> (5,5,3)

Tutorial 1: SCHEDULE Section

WCONPROD
produce 10,000 stb/day of liquid
minimum BHP limit of 2,000 psia

WCONINJ
inject 11,000 stb/day of water
maximum BHP limit of 10,000 psia

TSTEP gives each t(nottotaltime)

Output Files
Two files can be created at start, containing time
invariant data
1

GRID File

(eg TUT1A.EGRID)

Generated by default, used by Floviz

2

INIT File

(eg TUT1A.INIT)

INIT keyword must be in GRID section

Contains DX,
DX DY,
DY DZ,
DZ PERMX,
PERMX PERMY,
PERMY PERMZ,
PERMZ
etc for plotting in Floviz

Output Files
Two files can be written to at each report step
1

SUMMARY Files (eg TUT1A.UNSMRY &

TUT1A.RSM)
Contents specified in SUMMARY section.
Contain summary data for field, regions, wells,
connections or specific grid cells.
Used by ECLIPSE Office or MS Excel for lines
graphs.

Output Files
2

RESTART Files (eg TUT1A.UNRST)

Contents specified in SCHEDULE
section.
Contain data on pressures and
saturations in each grid cell.
Used by Floviz, along with GRID file,
for grid displays.

SUMMARY Section

Specifies items to be output to summary files

at each time step. These can be plotted using
ECLIPSE Office or Excel.
May include, for example:
Field quantities, such as total oil
production rate or fluid in place
Well quantities, such as water cut or
bottom hole pressure
Completion quantities, as for wells

SUMMARY Section
Keywords usually have four letters
1st letter F

Field

Region

Well

Completion

Block

SUMMARY Section
2nd letter O

Oil

(@ surface)

W Water

(@ surface)

G Gas

(@ surface)

L Liquid (oil + water @ surface)

V Volume
3rd letter P
I

Injection

(in reservoir)
Production

SUMMARY Section
4th letter R
T

Rate
Total (or cumulative)

Examples:
FOPR

Field Oil Production Rate

WWIT

Well Water Injection Total

SUMMARY Section
Some exceptions
WWCT

Well Water Cut

WBHP

Well Bottom Hole Pressure

FPR

Field Average Pressure

CPR

Connection Pressure

FGOR

Field Gas Oil Ratio

Restart Files

Keyword RPTRST is used to output time

varying grid data (eg pressures and
saturations)
In SOLUTION section specifies output of
initial conditions ( time = 0 )
In SCHEDULE section specifies output
for every report time step ( time > 0 )

Restart Files
Same format in SOLUTION & SCHEDULE
sections

Request data every TSTEP (time step)

BASIC=2