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Freedoms of Air

Industry History
Wright brothers first successful flight in
Kitty Hawk in 1903.
American Airlines in 1928 and United
Airlines in 1931.
Development of the mail system by the
U.S. Postal Service helped create the
airline industry.
Increased R&D of aircraft after World
War II.
FAA created in 1958 to develop an air
traffic control system

The Evolution
Jet aircrafts in 1950s
Jumbo Jets in 1970s

Evolution (Cont.)
Regulated Industry
Deregulation/ Libralization

The Chicago Convention


In 1944, before the end of World War II,
representatives of 54 States attended the
International Convention on Civil Aviation, a
conference on the future of international air
transport that took place in Chicago
This conference and the international treaty that
was signed as a result became known as the
Chicago Convention
The treaty marks a critical milestone in the
history of aviation, as it laid the foundation for
todays global air transportation system
The Convention made several fundamental
contributions to the conduct of domestic and,

Outcomes
Global Importance to civil air
transportation
Users Framework
Foundation Of ICAO

Freedoms of Air
The First Freedom refers to the right of carrier X
to fly over another State B without landing.
The Second Freedom refers to the right of carrier
X to land in another State B for technical (e.g.,
maintenance or refueling) or other reasons,
without picking up or setting down any revenue
traffic.
The Third Freedom (Figure 2.1a) refers to the right
of carrier X to enplane revenue traffic from its
home State A for transport to an airport of State
B.

The Fourth Freedom refers to the right of carrier X to


enplane revenue traffic at an airport of the agreement
partner, State B, for transport to its home State A.
The Fifth Freedom refers to the right of carrier X to
enplane revenue traffic at an airport of the agreement
partner, State B, for transport to a third State C, and
vice versa, as part of the continuation of a service
(flight) originating or terminating in its home State A.
The Sixth Freedom refers to the right of carrier X (with
home State A) to use separate sets of Third and Fourth
Freedom rights with two other States in order to
transport revenue traffic between these two other
States using an airport in A as a connection point.

The Seventh Freedom refers to the right of carrier


X of State A to transport revenue traffic between
a pair of airports in States B and C on a service
that operates entirely outside State A.
The Eighth Freedom refers to the right of carrier X
of State A to carry domestic revenue traffic
between two points within State B on a service
originating or terminating in State A.
The Ninth Freedom is the same as the Eighth, but
with no requirement that the flight of carrier X
originate or terminate in Xs home State A.

Benefits:
The creation of new jobs and lower fares.
More Passengers were flying so airplane load
factors were up.
There was increased competition and a wider
choice for passengers.

Current Statistics

service to every country in the world


over 2000 airlines
23,000 commercial aircraft
service to over 3700 airports

Passenger Load Factor

Causes

Financial Crisis/ Recession


Fuel Prices
Costs
Security Issues
Increased Competition

Future Challenges
Decreased Demand
Security Concerns
Hassel Factor
Recession
Increased Competition
Merging business models

Cutting Cost
Advancement of technology
Meeting future needs

Questions?

Thank You

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