Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Week 21
Debjani Goswami
07/02/2016
Learning Objective
LENS
CONVERFING AND DIVERGING
LENS
CONVEX AND CONCAVE LENS
LENS FORMULA
Learning Outcome
Know the uses of lens
Compare convex and concave lenses
Draw the ray diagram for different positions of the
Solve problems by using lens formula
Optic
s
The overall study of how light behaves is called optics.
The branch of optics that focuses on the creation of
images is called geometric optics, because it is based
on relationships between angles and lines that
describe light rays.
Lense
s
A lens is a piece of
transparent material,
such as glass or
plastic, that is used
to focus light and
form an image.
A lens is an optical
device that is used to
bend light in a specific
way.
Each of a lenss two
faces might be either
curved or flat.
Types of Lens:
Convex Lense
The lens shown in the
figure is called a convex
lens because it is thicker
at the center than at the
edges.
A convex lens often is
called a converging lens
because when surrounded
by material with a lower
index of refraction, it
refracts parallel light rays
so that the rays meet at a
point.
Concave Lenses
The lens shown in the
figure is called a concave
lens because it is thinner
in the middle than at the
edges.
Lense
s
converging lens
bi-convex
has two convex surfaces
diverging lens
bi-concave
has two concave
surfaces
Converging
Lens
The focal point of a
curved mirror was the
image point of a distant
star
It is the same for a lens
The focal point of a
converging lens is where
the incoming rays from a
distant star all intersect. Focal distance
A distant star is used to
guarantee that the
incoming rays are parallel
Focal point
Converging Lens
Principal
focus or Focal
point
Principal axis
Optical centre
Focal plane
Focal length
Ray Diagram
Lense
The characteristicss
of the image
Object
Object
Object
Object
just beyond 2 F
at 2F
between 2F and F
at F
No image
Object
NOTE
Since the object is at infinity,
all rays arrive parallel.
No image formed
Object
NOTE
In order to establish
2F
an image point, all
we need are two
Note-1
intersecting
rays.
Note-2
A ray thatNote-3
comes parallel
AAray
that
through
the
ray
thatgoes
goesthrough
throughF.
F
is refracted
vertex
goes right
through.
is refracted
parallel.
Image
Object at 2F
Object
Again:
In order to establish
an image point, all
we need are two
intersecting rays.
Image
Click
Object
Image
Click
Object at F
Object
No image
No image is formed
(rays refract parallel)
Click
Image
Image is virtual
Object
Upright
Magnified
Type of image
Uses
u=
Telescope
u > 2f
Camera, eye
u = 2f
Photocopier
f < u < 2f
Projector
u=f
Spotlight
u<f
Magnifying glass
Sign Convention
All distances are measured from the
optical centre of the lens.
The distances measured from the optical
centre in the direction of incident light
are taken as positive.
The distances measured from the optical
centre against the direction of the
incident light are taken as negative
The distance measured upward and
perpendicular to the principal axis are
taken as positive
The distances measured downward and
perpendicular to the principal axis are
taken as negative.
Magnification
Magnification (m) is simply the image
height divided by the object height.
Power of a lens
The powerPof a lens is the inverse of its focal
lengthf.
Sincefis measured in meters 'm' the units of lens
power are m-1.
The power also depends on the type of
lens.Convexlenses have positivepowers,
whileconcavelenses all havenegative powers.
For example, a 10 cm focal length convex lens has a
power of +10 m-1; while a 20 cm focal length concave
lens has a power of -5 m-1.
Exercise
1.An object 25 cm away from a lens produces a
focused image on a film 15 cm away. What is
the focal length of the converging lens? (9.4
cm)
2.If the focal length of the lens in your camera is
2 cm, at what distance must objects be placed
so that a focused image is produced on a piece
of film set 3 cm from the lens? (6 cm)
Exercise
An object whose height is 0.10 m is placed
1.0 m from the focal point of a converging
lens whose focal length is 0.50 m.
Practice
Construct a ray diagram to locate the image formed by the lens
illustrated below.
This is the symbol for a converging lens
Top (object) point
Bottom (image) point
Image