Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PowerPoint Authors:
Susan Coomer Galbreath, Ph.D., CPA
Charles W. Caldwell, D.B.A., CMA
Jon A. Booker, Ph.D., CPA, CIA
Cynthia J. Rooney, Ph.D., CPA
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Keeps
Keepstrack
trackof
ofroutine
routinebusiness
business
activities.
activities.
Obtains
Obtainsdetailed
detailedinformation
informationabout
aboutaa
particular
particulartransaction.
transaction.
Evaluates
Evaluatesefficiency
efficiencyand
and
performance
performancewithin
withincompany.
company.
Maintains
Maintainsevidence
evidenceof
ofaacompanys
companys
business
businessactivities.
activities.
3-2
The Ledger
Cash
Accounts
Payable
Capital
Stock
Accounts
Accounts are
are
individual
individual records
records
showing
showing increases
increases
and
and decreases.
decreases.
The
The entire
entire group
group of
of
accounts
accounts is
is kept
kept
together
together in
in an
an
accounting
accounting record
record
called
called aa ledger.
ledger.
3-3
Title of Account
Left
or
Debit
Side
Right
or
Credit
Side
3-4
5/1
5/1
5/25
5/25
5/29
5/29
5/31
5/31
Bal.
Bal.
Cash
Cash
8,000
8,000 5/2
5/2 2,500
2,500 Payments are
on the credit
75
5/8
2,000
75
5/8 2,000
side.
750
150
750 5/28
5/28
150
5/31
50
5/31
50
4,125
4,125
The
Thebalance
balanceis
isthe
the
difference
differencebetween
betweenthe
the
debit
debitand
andcredit
creditentries
entries
in
inthe
theaccount.
account.
3-5
A = L + OE
ASSETS
LIABILITIES
EQUITIES
Debit
Credit
for
for
Increase Decrease
Debit
Credit
for
for
Decrease Increase
Debit
Credit
for
for
Decrease Increase
3-6
A = L + OE
=
Debit
balances
Credit
balances
In
In the
the double-entry
double-entry accounting
accounting system,
system,
every
every transaction
transaction is
is recorded
recorded by
by equal
equal
dollar
dollar amounts
amounts of
of debits
debits and
and credits.
credits.
3-7
Lets record
selected
transactions
for JJs Lawn
Care Service in
the accounts.
3-8
May
May 1:
1: Jill
Jill Jones
Jones and
and her
her family
family invested
invested $8,000
$8,000
in
in JJs
JJsLawn
Lawn Care
Care Service
Service and
and received
received 800
800 shares
shares
of
of stock.
stock.
Cash increases
$8,000 with a debit.
Cash
5/1 8,000
Capital Stock
increases $8,000
with a credit.
Capital Stock
5/1 8,000
3-9
May
May 2:
2: JJs
JJs purchased
purchased aa riding
riding lawn
lawn mower
mower
for
for $2,500
$2,500 cash.
cash.
Cash decreases
$2,500 with a credit.
Cash
5/1 8,000
5/2 2,500
3-10
May
May 8:
8: JJs
JJs purchased
purchased aa $15,000
$15,000 truck.
truck. JJs
JJs
paid
paid $2,000
$2,000 in
in cash
cash and
and issued
issued aa note
note payable
payable
for
for the
the remaining
remaining $13,000.
$13,000.
Truck increases
$15,000 with a debit.
Truck
5/8 15,000
Cash
5/1 8,000
5/2 2,500
5/8 2,000
Notes Payable
5/8 13,000
3-11
May
May 18:
18: JJs
JJs sold
sold half
half of
of the
the repair
repair parts
parts to
to
ABC
ABC Lawns
Lawns for
for $150,
$150, aa price
price equal
equal to
to JJs
JJs cost.
cost.
ABC
ABC Lawns
Lawns agrees
agrees to
to pay
pay JJs
JJs within
within 30
30 days.
days.
Tools & Equipment
decreases $150 with
a credit.
Tools & Equipment
5/2 2,500 5/18
150
5/11
300
Accounts Receivable
5/18
150
3-12
The Journal
In
In an
an actual
actual accounting
accounting system,
system,
transactions
transactions are
are initially
initially recorded
recorded in
in the
the
journal.
journal.
3-13
3-15
3-16
Lets
Lets see
see what
what the
the cash
cash account
account looks
looks like
like
after
after posting
posting the
the cash
cash portion
portion of
of this
this
transaction
transaction for
for JJs
JJs Lawn
Lawn Care
Care Service.
Service.
3-17
TT accounts
accounts are
are simplified
simplified versions
versions of
of
the
the ledger
ledger account
account that
that only
only show
show the
the
debit
debit and
and credit
credit columns.
columns.
3-19
A = L + OE
Increase
Decrease
As income is earned,
either an asset is
increased or a liability is
decreased.
Increase
Net income
always results in
the increase of
Owners Equity
3-20
Retained Earnings
A = L + OE
Capital
Stock
Retained
Earnings
The
Theincome
incomestatement
statement summarizes
summarizesthe
theprofitability
profitability
of
ofaabusiness
businessfor
foraa specified
specifiedperiod
periodof
oftime.
time.
3-22
Accounting Periods
Time Period Principle
To provide users of
financial statements
with timely information,
net income is
measured for relatively
short accounting
periods of equal length.
3-23
Increases
owners equity.
The costs of
goods and
services used up
in the process of
earning revenue.
Decreases
owners equity.
3-24
3-25
3-26
Future
Accounting Period
Dec.
Dec. 1,
1,
2011
2011
Cash
Cash is
is received
received or
or
paid
paid here
here
Jan.
Jan. 1,
1,
2012
2012
But . . .
Dec.
Dec. 1,
1,
2012
2012
The
The income
income
statement
statement reports
reports
revenue
revenue or
or expense
expense
here
here
OR
The
The income
income
statement
statement reports
reports
revenue
revenue or
or
expenses
expenses here
here
But . . .
Cash
Cash is
is received
received or
or
paid
paid here
here
3-27
EQUITIES
Debit
Credit
for
for
Decrease Increase
Revenues
increase
owners
equity.
EXPENSES
REVENUES
Debit
Credit
for
for
Increase Decrease
Debit
Credit
for
for
Decrease Increase
3-28
Dividends
Payments to
owners
decrease
owners
equity.
EQUITIES
Debit
Credit
for
for
Decrease Increase
DIVIDENDS
Debit
Credit
for
for
Increase Decrease
Owners
investments
increase
owners
equity.
CAPITAL STOCK
Debit
Credit
for
for
Decrease Increase
3-29
Lets
Lets analyze
analyze the
the
revenue
revenue and
and
expense
expense
transactions
transactions for
for
JJs
JJs Lawn
Lawn Care
Care
Service
Service for
for the
the
month
month of
of May.
May.
We
We will
will also
also
analyze
analyze aa dividend
dividend
transaction.
transaction.
3-30
May
May 29:
29: JJs
JJs provided
provided lawn
lawn care
care services
services for
for
aa client
client and
and received
received $750
$750 in
in cash.
cash.
Cash increases
$750 with a debit.
Cash
5/1 8,000
5/2 2,500
5/29
750
5/8 2,000
Sales Revenue
5/29
750
3-31
May
May 31:
31: JJs
JJs purchased
purchased gasoline
gasoline for
for the
the lawn
lawn
mower
mower and
and the
the truck
truck for
for $50
$50 cash.
cash.
Cash
5/1 8,000
5/2 2,500
5/29
750
5/8 2,000
5/31
50
Gasoline Expense
5/31
50
3-32
May
May 31:
31: JJs
JJs Lawn
Lawn Care
Care paid
paid Jill
Jill Jones
Jones and
and
her
her family
family aa $200
$200 dividend.
dividend.
Cash decreases
$200 with a credit.
Cash
5/1 8,000
5/2 2,500
5/29
750
5/8 2,000
5/31
50
5/31
200
5/31
Dividends
200
3-33
Now,
Now, lets
lets look
look at
at
the
the Trial
Trial Balance
Balance
for
for JJs
JJs Lawn
Lawn
Care
Care Service
Service for
for
the
the month
month of
of May.
May.
3-34
All balances are taken from the ledger accounts on May 31 after
considering all of JJs transactions for the month.
3-35
3-36
End of Chapter 3
3-37