UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE

MORELOS
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUIMICAS e INGENIERIA

Median & Range

Charts
Statistical Process
Control

Alfaro Rodea Jonathan

Guerrero Daz Florencia
Hernndez Miranda Jos Carlo
Lpez Salas Jos Angel
Velzquez Aveleira Estefana

INTRODUCTION

What is a Control Chart?

A statistical tool used to distinguish between process
variation resulting from common causes and variation
resulting from special causes. Showing in a process stability
or instability over time.

OBJECTIVE
Understand

the way of doing a median and range chart and

the advantages to use it to explain the quality and spread in
the process.

Median
Central value of a sample of "n " elements, which
are ordered from low to high ( or vice versa) . In the
event that the sample size is a even number of data
, the median is the average of the two middle
values ; and when the sample size is an odd
number of data, the median is the central value.
Formula for the median
when is an odd number::

When is it used?
Use the median chart when you want to plot all the measured values, not just
subgroup statistics. This may be the case when subgroup ranges vary a great
deal, as showing all the points will emphasize the spread. It shows that
individual data points can fall outside the control limits, while the central
location is within the limits.
Use the median chart when you can answer yes to these questions:

Do you need to assess system stability?

Is the data in variables form?
Is the data collected in subgroups larger than one?
Is the time order of subgroups preserved?
Do you want to see individual data points?

Advantages to use the median

The median has advantages as a means of
controlling the position for those cases where the
controlled population is not normal and presents a
strong asymmetry. Also has an advantage in ease of
use.

This means that the median leaves the same

number of values below than above, does not
require performing any calculation for obtaining and
small sample sizes (as are usually) is obtained by
inspection of the sample : for example in a sample
size of five times the median is the third value ,
both going from low to high and high to low.
Example:
Odd data set:
2,3,4,5,5,7,8,2,4

Example:
Set data pair:
2,3,4,9,6,7,8,2,4,6,3,5

Data are ordered from

lowest to highest:
2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 8

Data are ordered from

lowest to highest:
2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8,
9

The median is:

4

The median is:

4.5

Components of the Control Graphic

UCL --- Upper Control
Limit
CL --- Central Line
LCL --- Lower Control
Limit

Median chart
What is it?
A median chart is a special purpose variation of the X-bar chart.

This chart uses the median instead of the subgroup average to

show the systems central location.
The median is the middle point when data points are arranged
from high to low. The chart shows all the individual readings.
Although median charts show
both central location and spread,
they are often paired with range charts.

Range Chart
Although median charts show both central location and spread,
they are often paired with range charts.
Whats a Range?
Range is an estimate of spread in a set of data points; the
difference between the highest and lowest values in the data
set.

Median and Range chart formulas

Median Formulas:

Range:

Upper control limit:

Upper control limit:
Lower control limit:
Lower control limit:

EXAMPLE
Hotel
Satisfaction
A
hotel
measures
customer
satisfaction with a survey that
records a rating from 1 (worst
quality) to 10 (best quality). Every
week the hotel calculates average
ratings for the week.
The manager desires to know if
quality is consistent or changing
over time. Weekly ratings for a
series of weeks are 8.8, 8.1, 8.9,
9.2, 8.2, 8.0, 8.7, 9.0, 8.2, 8.5,
and
7.6.
The
manager
is
concerned about the last weeks
rating of 7.6. Does it represent a
statistical anomaly, or is it simply a
result of random variation?.

EXCEL
MINITAB

So,
one
thing
the
manager may want to
know is if that 7.6 fits the
random pattern of the
other data, or if it does
not.

We have the following

measurements:
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

X values
48
45
47
41
47
46
43
50
43
42
42
46
42
40
45
49
46
43
42
47

45
48
51
40
46
44
40
47
43
42
45
49
40
41
50
48
42
44
48
45

45
46
46
42
48
45
52
42
51
45
41
40
45
46
50
48
50
42
48
50

45
50
49
41
48
43
48
40
41
46
50
47
40
45
44
42
46
49
47
48

50
46
45
42
44
42
49
42
43
44
51
46
46
47
48
42
42
48
51
42

Median
45
46
47
41
47
44
48
42
43
44
45
46
42
45
48
48
46
44
48
47

R
5
5
6
2
4
3
12
7
10
4
10
9
6
7
6
6
8
7
9
8

45.5

6.5

A5

0.712

D6

2.179

D5

Range

Median

UCL

CL

50.128

UCL

LCL
45.5

CL

14.1635

40.872

LCL
6.5

Range Chart

Median Chart
16
51

14

49

12
10

47

Ranges 8

Medians 45

43

41
39

2
0
0

LCL

10

15

Samples

CL

20

25

10

15

20

Samples
UCL

LCL

Median

ANSWER EXCE
L

ANSWER
MINITAB

CL

UCL

Range

25

CLASS ACTIVITY

EXCEL
EXERCIS
E

MINITAB
ANSWER

EXCERCIS
E

The diameters of certains pieces are:

Diameters of Parts
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

ANSWE
R

13

10.4
4

10.5
0

10.4
5

10.4
4

10.5
2

10.5
0

10.7
2

10.4
8

10.4
5

10.5
0

14

10.6
4

10.5
3

10.6
0

10.5
2

10.5
1

10.4
7

10.5
3

10.5
6

10.5
2

10.4
7

15

10.5
5

10.5
1

10.4
7

10..4
5

10.4
2

10.5
3

10.5
6

10.6
0

10.6
9

10.5
5

16

10.5
3

10.5
2

10.5
6

10.5
9

10.6
0

10.5
1

10.6
3

10.6
2

10.5
9

10.6
1

17

10.5
2

10.4
3

10.4
4

10.4
6

10.5
0

10.5
0

10.5
1

10.4
0

10.5
2

10.5
2

18

10.4
5

10.4
6

10.6
1

10.4
8

10.5
5

10.5
4

10.4
6

10.4
9

10.4
5

10.4
6

19

10.5
3

10.6
1

10.4
8

10.4
0

10.4
8

10.4
9

10.5
5

10.5
1

10.5
6

10.4
9

20

10.6
2

10.5
0

10.6
0

10.6
1

10.6
2

CONCLUSION

Bibliography
BESTERFIELD, D. (2009). Control de la Calidad. AUTOREDITOR.
PQ Systems. (01 de Abril de 2016). Obtenido de
http://www.pqsystems.com/qualityadvisor/DataAnalysisTools/m
edian.php
Quantitative Tools for Service Operations Management by Dr.
Scott Sampson 2012. (03 de April de 2016). Obtenido de
Statistical Process Control (SPC) Analysis: Control Charts:
http://services.byu.edu/t/quant/spc.html