Performance Management

Radio Normal Propagation Conditions

Receiver
Threshold

Proprietary and Confidential

Radio Transmission Rain Attenuation

Nominal
threshold

Applies to high
frequencies

Receiver
threshold

Proprietary and Confidential

Radio Transmission Mutli-Path Reflections

Nominal
threshold

Applies to all
frequencies

Receiver
threshold

Proprietary and Confidential

Section / Path layers in SDH Networks

MST

RST

RS

RST

RS

MST

RST

RS
MS

RS

RST

RS

RST

RS

RS

MS

Path layer

Lower order path

VC-12 (2Mb/s)
Mapped ATM / IP

Higher order path

VC-3 (34 Mb/s)
VC-4 (140 Mb/s)
Mapped ATM / IP

Proprietary and Confidential

MST

SOH - Section Overhead

B1, B2: Parity bytes. Error calculation. BIP
M1: Remote Error Identifier (MS-REI)

MS
2Mb/s

Media Specific
bytes
2 Mb/s asynchronous

STM-1
RSOH

A1 A1 A1 A2
A A2
A A
A2 J0

B1

MS 1 MS 2

E1

F1

D1

MS 3

D2

D3

SI

POINTER H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3
SI

#1

: Stuffing for 2Mb/s Wayside

MS 1&2 :
Radio Protection Switching
control
MS 3 : RF-Id
Remote reset
ATPC
E/M for bytes; E1, F1, E2

STM-1
MSOH
.

#2

#3

B2 B2 B2 K1

K2

D4

D5

D6

D7

D8

D9

D10

D11

D12

S1 Z1 Z1 Z2 Z2 M1 E2 N

Proprietary and Confidential

Performance: Definitions and calculation

Block:
A block is defined as a group of successive bits that can be allocated to the path
under test. Each bit belong to a single block. Monitoring takes advantage of the
error monitoring equipment built into todays transmission systems such as CRC
(Cycling Redundancy Check) and bit parity techniques. Errors must be detected
with at least 90 % probability, which is met with CRC-4 and BIP-8 (Bit Interleaved
Parity). In SDH one block is defined to be one STM-1 frame (19 512 bits). In PDH
other definitions apply. Refer to ITU-T G.828 for more info.
Principle of radio performance calculations
Evolution: B1/B2/M1 REI LINE

Evolution: B1/B2/M1 REI RADIO

NE
Algorithm for
calculating G.826
performance for
15 min. , 1 day and
1 month period using
B1, B2 and M1 bytes

Proprietary and Confidential

Performance parameters definitions

Errored Block, EB:

A block which one or more bits in error.

Errored Second, ES
A one-second period with one or more errored blocks or at least one defect (path alarm).

Severely Errored Second, SES

A one-second period which contains 30 % errored blocks or at least one defect (path alarm).

Background Block Error, BBE

An errored block not occurring as part of an SES

Errored second Ratio (ESR)

The ratio of ES to a total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

Severely Errored Second Ratio (SESR)

The ratio of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

Background Block Error Ratio (BBER)

The ratio of Background Block Errors (BBE) to total blocks in available time during a fixed
measurement interval.

Proprietary and Confidential

Availability

The Performance Parameters are valid only when the system is in the Availability state.
Start of availability: At start of time interval consisting of at least ten seconds that are
not severely errored.
End of availability: At start of time interval containing at least ten consecutive SES.

Example
Time

10 sec.

8 sec.

Unavailability detected
Unavailable period

10 sec.

Availability detected
Available period

Severely Errored Second (SES)

Errored Second (Non SES)
Error free Second

Proprietary and Confidential

Performance Measurements
Enable Performance
collection from element
menu in GUI

Open Historical Performance data

from element menu in GUI

10

Proprietary and Confidential

View Performance Measurement Results

Tabular form

Time series
graph

Distribution graph

Configurable graph properties

11

Proprietary and Confidential

Error counters

12

Proprietary and Confidential

Performance Reports
The reporting functionality enables a quick
overview as well as detailed analysis of the
performance of the
managed network.

Two graphical charts are displayed

Measurement types over time (xaxis: time, y-axis: measurement
value)
Measurement types over source
Network Element (x-axis: Network
Elements, y-axis: measurement
value)

13

Proprietary and Confidential

Performance Reports. Examples

14

Proprietary and Confidential

Detailed PM report

All collected PM data from all Network Elements matching the

filter is displayed in a tabular form,

15

Proprietary and Confidential

Network Time Synchronization

Enabling
synchronization
from system
preferences

Selecting NEs to be
synchronized

16

Proprietary and Confidential

Thank You

17