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AIM
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OBJECTIVES
You will be able to:
Calculate d.lat, d.long, departure,
course and distance using parallel,
plane and Mercator sailing methods.
SAILING
Parallel Sailing
Sailing along a parallel of Latitude.
Course to be due East (090 T) or due West
(270 T)
Causes change in Dlong but no change in
Dlat
Departure is Distance along a parallel of
Latitude, measured in NM
SAILING
NJ
SAILING
Departure
Position Lat. 37 28 N
Long. 47 28 E
Distance = Speed x Time = 12 x 8 = 96 miles
Departure, Distance in NM
DLat
Dlong
=
=
120.95
2 01.0 E
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SAILING
Initial Lat
DLat
Final Lat
37 28.0 N
Long.
0
DLong
37 28.0 N
Long.
47 28.0 E
2 01.0 E
49 29.0 E
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SAILING
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SAILING
Initial Lat
Arr.
Lat
DLat
53 42.0 N
Long.
178 27.0 W
53 42.0 N
179 53.0 E
0
D Long.
1 40.0 W
x 60
100.0
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SAILING
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SAILING
Plane
DLat
Always draw
course from
N/S Line
Sin Co =
Cos Co
Tan Co
SAILING
DLat
Always draw
course from
N/S Line
Dep
NJ
SAILING
From Lat
27 28.0 N
Long
47 02.0 W
Lat24 53.0 N
Long
49 16.0 W
DLat 2 35.0 S
DLong 2 14.0 W
x 60
x 60
.
155.0 S
134.0 W
Dlat = 1 17.5 S
Mean Lat = Initial Lat + Dlat
= 27 28.0 N + 1 17.5 S
= 26 10.5 N
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SAILING
Dep
= 196.2
SAILING
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SAILING
MP
Long.
2505.90
032 54.0 W
3441.05
005 14.0 W
DMP 935.15 DLong 27 40.0 E
x 60
1660.0 E
Di
sta
nc
e
Co
ur
se
DLong
DMP
Lat.
38 41.0 N
49 50.0 N
DLat 11 09.0 N
x 60
669.0 N
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SAILING
Tan
= 1363.0
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SAILING
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SAILING
PA = 90 Lat A
P
D.Lo
ng
PB = 90 Lat B
B
A
Equator
NJ
(ii)
PA = 90 Lat A
A
D.Lo
ng
PB = 90 +
Lat B
Equato
r
B
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(iii
PA = 90 +
Lat A
P
D.Lo
ng
PB = 90 Lat B
B
Equator
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B
PA = 90 Lat A
D.Lo
ng
P
PB = 90 Lat B
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D.Lo
ng
PB = 90 +
Lat B
P
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PA = 90 +
Lat A
D.Lo
ng
P
PB = 90 Lat B
NJ
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SAILING
Panama (B)
41 38 S
07 24 N
175 28 E
079 55 W
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SAILING
=
=
48 22
97 24
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SAILING
A 41 38 S
B 07 24 N
175 28 E
079 55 W
B7 24
N
79 55
W
Equat
or
41 38
S
175 28
E
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SAILING
Or even simpler:
Therefore to obtain the Initial Course we require
Angle A:
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SAILING
We have:
PA = 48 22
PB = 97 24
AB = 105.81939
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SAILING
To find Initial course:
Cos A = Cos PB ( Cos PA x Cos AB)
(Sin PA x Sin AB)
Cos A = Cos 9724 ( Cos 4822 x Cos 105.81939)
(Sin 4822 x Sin 105.81939)
Cos A = (-0.12880 - ( - 0.18111)) =
(0.71910)
0.07274
A = 85.82841
NJ
SAILING
To Name Initial course:
f
o
n
o
i
t
Di r e c
DLong
From
Wor the
Hem king
isph
e re
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SAILING
Initial course by ABC Method:
A= Tan Lat A
= Tan 4138.0 = 0.23181 S
Tan Dlong
Tan 10437.0
Named opposite to latitude A except when Dlong (P) is
between 90 and 270
B= Tan Lat B
= Tan 724.0
Sin Dlong
Sin 10437.0
Always named same as Lat B
C
= (A + / - B)
= 0.13422 N
= 0.09759 S
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SAILING
Tan Course =
1
(C x Cos Lat A)
13.70992
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REVIEW
You are now able to:
Calculate d.lat, d.long, departure,
course and distance using parallel,
plane and Mercator sailing methods.
END
NJ