Presentation :

New Era of Civilian

Governments.
...Nousheen Arshad...
...R1F15 BSCS 0040...
Punjab University (RWP Campus)

:New Era of Civilian Government:

The new era of civilian's government is also called as a "Period of
Troika".
Pakistan was ruled by elected civilian governments, alternately
headed by Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif.
"Today, we have settled a source and have
carried out six successful nuclear tests"
(Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif announcing the tests on May 30, 1998)

Po['po[we

Under Nawaz Sharif leadership, Pakistan became the

seventeenth nuclear power country.
The first country in the Muslim world as well as declared
nuclear weapon state.

:Historical Background:
(1988-1999)
1988 to 1990 PML had Punjab government.
1990 to 1993 PML was the government of Pakistan, and
Prime Minister was Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif .
1997 to 1999 PML was the government of Pakistan with twothird majority.
And, It was the first time in history of Pakistan that single
party took two-third majority.

Benazir's first government:

(December 1988-August 1990)
After the death of General Zia-ul-Haq, first open elections were

held in November 1988.

The Pakistan People's Party (PPP) won as largest party.
Out of 207 seats, she had 93 seats, a comparative but not
absolute majority.
Benazir Bhutto was installed as the Prime Minister on December
1, 1988.
But, Nawaz Sharif got majority in Punjab and became the CM.

Benazir Comes to Power (1988):

She became first woman PM in the Muslim world.
She made coalition with MQM which felt apart soon.
Her Government was failed with nepotism, bribery, corruption
and became failed in just 2 years, when she was removed by
President General Ishaq Khan in August,1990.

Mistakes of Benazir's Government:

She wasted political capital and got bogged down in wasteful
confrontations with provincial government of Punjab headed by
Nawaz Sharif.
She showered political favors on her party-men in the form of
government jobs and plots of land in Islamabad.
Benazir's husband Asif Ali Zardari and his father went on
rampage of corruption, bribery and high-handedness.
This caused enormous damage and embarrassment to Benazir.

Government of Nawaz Sharif

(1990-1993):
Elections of 1991 gave the largest majority to Nawaz
Sharif and he became the PM.
Nawaz Sharif became prime minister on November 1990.
In his first speech as a prime minister, he had not
mentioned anything related to press, freedom of press and
journalists.
The journalists and the press had to pay and suffered at
the hands of ethnic groups during the first term of Nawaz
Sharif.

Rule of Nawaz Sharif (1990-1993):

Parliamentary elections were held by the election commission
of Pakistan.
PMLN got the chance to rule the country , But....
In 1993, Nawaz government encountered a similar fate and
was deposed by G.I Khan.

Attack of MQM:
MQM openly threatened several newspapers like Dawn,
Takbeer and Herald Star.
On 22 March 1991, the workers of MQM attacked,
ransacked and put the office on fire of Takbeer in Karachi.
MQM leaders warned every newspaper to change their
policies towards the party or be prepared for direct
consequences.

Nawaz Sharif Comes to Power (1991):

Nawaz Sharif inclined with PPP for negotiation for scrap 8th

amendment, curtailing the power of President.

Seeing this, G.I Khan dissolved NA in April 1993 but
supreme court restored the parliament and PM.
Nawaz Sharif faced problem in Sindh from PPP.
Conflict arose between President and PM that led to both
resigned from their offices in July 1993.
They both were asked to resign from their offices by the then
Army Chief .

Benazir returns in Power (1993):

In October 1993, elections Benazir Bhutto (PPP) came again
in power as largest party in NA and became PM.
This time she made her own party man, the President Farooq
Laghari, a former CSP.
Her second term was more damaging as even her brother
Murtaza Bhutto was killed with cold blooded murder on the
road at the entrance of him in Karachi.
She was ultimately removed by her own chosen President
Farooq Laghari in November, 1996.

Nawaz Sharif's second government

(Fourth Democratic Rule):
In February 1997, Parliamentary elections were held as a
result of which Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz Sharif)
won the largest number of seats and became PM.
Farooq Laghari tried his best to remove his government
but failed which led him to resign from presidential office.
Nawaz Sharif also announced freezing of foreign currency
account.

:PMLN Second Government:

In 1997, Pakistan with Saudi Arabia and UAE recognized
Taliban regime in Afghanistan.
In 25 May 1998, India concluded nuclear tests and tried to
occupy Azad Kashmir.
Pakistan responded on 28 May 1998 the nuclear tests.
Nawaz Sharif succeeded in passing 13th and 14th
amendments:
13th: Curtailing presidential power to dismiss PM and NA.
14th: Prevented floor crossing.

 On the domestic level, Nawaz Sharif tabled the 15th amendment to

made Quran and Sunnah the supreme law of Pakistan.

The relation of Pakistan and India normalized when India's

PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee visited Lahore on bus.
Soon after that Pak Army took control of Kargil, Kargil
was a part of Pakistan.
Nawaz Sharif took the constitution in his hand then tried
to dismiss the CNC Pervaiz Musharaf.

: Conclusion :
This brought his downfall and arrival of Martial Law after 10
years of civilian government.
Pakistan again went back to political retardation.
In 1999, Pervaiz Musharraf took over the government.