Findings on efficacy of

drugs
submitted to:
Prof.Souvik Dutta
A report by:
Atanu Maity
Aseem Datta
Eshan Sinha
Prasanna Lakshmi
Rajesh Ghoshal
Shikha Rani Deo

Agenda

Objective
Analysis
- Findings of Variation in parameters across the group
- Findings on parameters measured from Baseline
- Findings on adverse effects across the groups

Conclusion

Objective

To test the efficacy of drugs ketamine, Clonidine,

combination of ketamine-clonidine and present
the findings

Analysis

Findings of Variation in parameters across the

group
Testing if there is any significant difference in the
demographics of the subjects across the groups
under study
180
160

DEMOGRAPHICS DISTRIBUTION
ACROSS GROUPS

140
120
Group
Group
Group
Group

100
80
60

K
C
KC
P

40
20
0
Age

Height

Weight

DOS

Findings shows that there is no significant difference being observed in the

demographic variables considered across the four groups. Hence any further
significant differences observed in the parameters across groups would not be
because of any of the reported demographic variables above

Findings of Variation in parameters across the

group contd..
Intra-Operative

HR

Significant difference was observed in mean heart rate across the group during intraoperative period. The mean rate observed for group C was less when compared to
other groups

SBP

Significant difference was observed in mean SBP level across the group during intraoperative period. Mean SBP level observed for group C was less when compared to
other groups

DBP

Significant difference was observed in mean DBP level across the group during intraoperative period. Mean DBP level observed for group C was less when compared to
other groups

MAP

Significant difference was observed in mean MAP across the group during intraoperative period. Mean MAP observed for group C was less when compared to other
groups

SPO
2

No significant difference was observed in mean SPO2 levels across the group during
intra-operative period

ETC
O2

No significant difference was observed in mean ETCO2 levels across the group during
intra-operative period

CP

No significant difference was observed in mean CP levels across the group during intraoperative period.

ST

No significant difference was observed in mean ST levels across the group during intraoperative period.

Results

Findings of Variation in parameters across the

group contd..
200
INTRA-OPERATIVE MEAN SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE

100 INTRA-OPERATIVE MEAN HEART RATES ACROSS

GROUPS
80
Group
Group
Group
Group

60
40
20
0
PREOP

15

40

K
C
KC
P

150

GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP

100
50
0
PREOP

60

ACROSS GROUPS

15

40

K
C
KC
P

60

150

110

INTRA-OPERATIVE MEAN DBP ACROSS GROUPS

90

GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP

70
50
30
10
PREOP 5

INTRA-OPERATIVE MAP ACROSS GROUPS

130

130

15

40

60

K
C
KC
P

110
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP

90
70
50
30
10
PREOP

15

40

60

K
C
KC
P

Findings of Variation in parameters across the

60
INTRA-OPERATIVE MEAN ETCO2 ACROSS GROUPS
group contd..
55
INTRA-OPERATIVE MEAN SPO2 ACROSS GROUPS

GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP

K
C
KC
P

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10

GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP

50

15

MEAN SURFACE TEMPERATURE ACROSS 50

GROUPS
45
40
GROUP K
35
GROUP C
30
GROUP KC
25
GROUP P
20
15

10

10

45
40
35
30
25
20

K
C
KC
P

MEAN CORE TEMPERATURE ACROSS GROUPS

GROUP K
GROUP C
GROUP KC
GROUP P

15

20

30

Findings of Variation in parameters across the

group contd..
Post-Operative
HR

Significant difference was observed in mean heart rate across the group during postoperative period. The mean rate observed for group C was less when compared to
other groups

SBP

Significant difference was observed in mean SBP level across the group during postoperative period. Mean SBP level observed for group C was less when compared to
other groups

DBP

Significant difference was observed in mean DBP level across the group during postoperative period. Mean DBP level observed for group C was less when compared to
other groups

MAP

Significant difference was observed in mean MAP across the group during postoperative period. Mean MAP observed for group C was less when compared to other
groups

SPO
2

No significant difference was observed in mean SPO2 levels across the group during
post-operative period

Results

Findings of Variation in parameters across the

120
POST-OPERATIVE
MEAN HEART RATE ACROSS
POST-OPERATIVE MEAN SBP
190
group
contd..
GROUPS
ACROSS GROUPS
100

GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP

80
60

K
C
KC
P

40
5
140

10

15

20

25

100

GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP

80
60
40

K
C
KC
P

20
5

10

15

20

25

30

GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
5

30

POST-OPERATIVE MEAN DBP ACROSS

GROUPS

120

170
150
130
110
90
70
50

10

20

25

140 POST-OPERATIVE MEAN MAP ACROSS

125 GROUPS
110
GROUP
95
GROUP
80
GROUP
65
50
GROUP
35
20
5 10 15 20 25 30

POST-OPERATIVE MEAN SPO2 ACROSS

GROUPS

GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP

5 10 15 20 25 30

15

K
C
KC
P

K
C
KC
P

K
C
KC
P

Findings of Variation in parameters across the

group contd..
Findings
Drug C shows significant impact on different parameters measured both
during intra-operative and post-operative period.

Findings on parameters measured from

Baseline(Intra-Op)
across
the
K
C
KC group P
Result
HR

Increased from
Baseline

Decreased
from Baseline

Decreased
from Baseline

Increased
from Baseline

Drug groups C and K

shows significant
different from
baseline value

SBP

Increased from
Baseline

Decreased
from Baseline

Decreased
from Baseline

Fluctuating
from Baseline

Only C shows
significant different
from baseline value

DBP

Increased from
Baseline

Decreased
from Baseline

Decreased
from Baseline

Increased
from Baseline

Only C shows
significant different
from baseline value

MAP

SPO
2

ST
CT

Drug groups C and K

shows significant
Increased from
Decreased from Decreased
Increased from different from baseline
Baseline
Baseline
from Baseline Baseline
value
No significant
difference was
observed for any of
Approx same to
Approx same to Approx same to Approx same to the groups from
baseline
baseline
baseline
baseline
baseline value
Slightly
Slightly
Slightly
All groups shows
Slightly increasing increasing from increasing from increasing from significant difference
from baseline
baseline
baseline
baseline
from baseline value
Except group P, all

Findings on parameters measured from Baseline(Po

Op)
K
Cacross the
KC group
P
Result
HR

Decreased from
Baseline

Decreased from Decreased

Baseline
from Baseline

Decreased
from Baseline

Decreased from
Baseline

Decreased from Fluctuating

Baseline
from Baseline

Decreased
from Baseline

Decreased from
Baseline

Decreased from Decreased

Baseline
from Baseline

Decreased
from Baseline

Decreased from
Baseline

Decreased from Decreased

Baseline
from Baseline

Decreased
from Baseline

Small amount of
fluctuation from
Baseline

Small amount of Small amount

fluctuation from of fluctuation
Baseline
from Baseline

Small amount
of fluctuation
from Baseline

SBP

DBP
MA
P
SPO
2

All groups shows

significant difference
from basline value
Except group KC, all
other groups shows
significant difference
from baseline value
All groups shows
significant difference
from basline value
All groups shows
significant difference
from basline value
No significant
difference was
observed for any of
the groups from
baseline value

Findings on parameters measured from Baseline

Findings
Drug C shows significant impact on different parameters measured both
during intra-operative and post-operative period.
Drug KC does not shows any significant impact on different parameters
measured both during intra-operative and post-operative period.

Analysis of demographic parameters

20
15 DISTRIBUTION OF SURGERY TYPES ACROSS
10
GROUPS
5
0

60

K
C
KC
P

DISTRIBUTION OF SEX ACROSS

GROUPS
K
C
KC
P

40

20

0
MALE

FEMALE

Analysis of Adverse Events

20

DISTRIBUTION OF ADVERSE EVENTS ACROSS

GROUPS

15

10

K
C
KC
P

Analysis of Adverse Events

Findings
Bradycardia is reported maximum for drug C (50 %)
Tachycardia is reported maximum for drug K which is (60
%)
Hypertension is observed maximum for drug K
Hypotension, Nausea & Vomiting is maximum for drug C
There are incidence of above adverse events in group
Placebo but that is purely due to other factors.

Analysis of Shivering effect

20

Distribution of shivering

18
16
14
12

10

C
KC

6
4
2
0
0

Findings
We observed incidence of low shivering in group K and C
60 % of the subjects in group KC do not suffer from
shivering
We observed high proportion of subjects in group P with
high shivering

Analysis of Sedation effect

25
20
K

15

C
KC

10

5
0
1

Findings
Cases of low sedation is almost equal among all groups
High sedation is reported only in group C which is in
contrast to other groups being nill

Conclusion

Combination of Ketamine and Clonidine shows

least impact and side effects among all the drugs
tested. Thus we recommend to use DRUG KC for
such treatments
On the contrary CLONIDINE has shown maximum
impact and side effects. Thus we do not
recommend usage of DRUG C for such treatments