GUIDANCE PROGRAMS:

THE WHAT AND WHY

Czarina S.
Gacias

What is Guidance?

DEFINITION
Guidance
and
Counseling
is
a
profession involving an integrated
approach to the development of a
well-functioning individual primarily
by helping him/her to utilize his/her
potentials to the fullest and plan
his/her present and future in
accordance with his/her abilities,
interests, and needs.
(Rules and Regulations of Republic Act

THE
RULES
AND
REGULATIONS
DECLARE
THAT
GUIDANCE
AND
COUNSELING
INCLUDE:
Counseling
Psychological Testing
Research
Placement
Referral
Group Processes

Gibson and Higgins (1966)

Individual
include:
Inventory/Analysis
Information
Counseling
Research
Placement
Referral
Follow-up
Evaluation

The following have been

added to the services of
Guidance
Program:
Consultation
Program development
Public relations

POINTS TO PONDER:
*Counseling used to be considered as one
of the services --- the heart --- of the
Guidance Program
*Authorities in the past recognized its
special and unique contribution by
using the popular label Guidance and
Counseling.
*Later materials abroad would refer to
the School Counseling Program or
Counseling Program.
*In
the
Philippines,
Guidance
and
Counseling is still the popular label.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE GUIDANCE

PROGRAM AS SUMMARIZED BY GIBSON
AND MITCHELL (1991) AND CROW AND
CROW (1951)

The Guidance Program is an integral

part of the educational system.

1. It provides for the holistic development

of the students.
2. It
supports
and
complement
to
maximize
students
growth
and
development.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE GUIDANCE

PROGRAM AS SUMMARIZED BY GIBSON
AND MITCHELL (1991) AND CROW AND
CROW (1951)

The Guidance Program is

responsive to the students needs.

1. It addresses the development and

adjustment needs of the students.
2. It considers the unique culture and
climate of the specific population and
environment it serves.
3. It is a continuous process throughout
the persons stay in school.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE GUIDANCE

PROGRAM AS SUMMARIZED BY GIBSON
AND MITCHELL (1991) AND CROW AND
CROW (1951)

The Guidance Program recognizes

the student as an individual.

1. Every individual has a need that must

be attended to.
2. Guidance should be extended to all.
3. Every
individual
is
unique
and
possesses worth and dignity.
4. Human beings can develop their own
insights.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE GUIDANCE

PROGRAM AS SUMMARIZED BY GIBSON
AND MITCHELL (1991) AND CROW AND
CROW (1951)

The Guidance Program is in the

hands of qualified personnel.

1. The school counselor is a role model of

positive human relations.
2. Professionally
trained
guidance
personnel
are
indispensable
for
ensuring competence, leadership, and
direction.

Why Guidance?

BRIEF
HISTORY
OF
GUIDANCE
PROGRAM IN THE PHILIPPINES
1932: formal Guidance set-up was started;
Sinforoso Padilla started a Psychological
Clinic as a response to student cases

1934: New Bilibid Prison convicts had

undergone counseling tests
1939: Welfareville residents had
undergone
counseling
tests
S.Y. 1939-1940: a Dean of Boys and a
Dean of girls were selected among
faculty members of the four public
high school in Manila; they served as
student
advisers.
1945: The first Guidance Institute was held at
the National Teachers College; this gave birth to
the Guidance Association of the Philippines.

THE NEED FOR GUIDANCE SERVICES

1951: The Congress proposed the
establishment of functional Guidance
and Counseling Programs.
1952: The division Superintendent of
schools recommended the establishment
of Guidance Services in the public schools.

1953: The Philippine Association of

Guidance
Counselors
was
organized.
Since
then
many
national
organizations of Guidance Program
have been born: PCGA, PACERS,
CDAP,
and
other
smaller
2004:
The most significant development
organizations.
in recent years came in the form of RA
9258.
2007: A Professional Regulatory Board
for Guidance and Counseling was
constituted.

THE NEED FOR

GUIDANCE SERVICES

The family situation

1. The disappearing family
2. The unready family
3. The pathological family

THE NEED FOR

GUIDANCE SERVICES

The complexity of living

1. Increased mobility of Filipinos
2. Increasing
course
options
and
educational attainment
3. New job titles
4. Lack of job possibilities
5. New trends in permanency and tenure
6. Increasing financial difficulty

THE NEED FOR

GUIDANCE SERVICES

Increasing possibilities of
experiencing crisis
1. Calamities
2. Crimes

THE NEED FOR

GUIDANCE SERVICES

Learning and other disorders

1. ADHD, dyslexia
2. Bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive
disorder, depression

GUIDANCE PROGRAMS:
THE WHAT AND WHY