RTWP Troubleshooting

Security Level:
RTWP
Troubleshooting
Guide
Zhang Junjie (employee ID:
00107307)
Liu Qiong (employee ID: 54780)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
www.huawei.com
Contents
RTWP Concept and Impacts on the System
Overview of RTWP Sampling Points
Common RTWP Problems and Troubleshooting Procedure
RTWP problem description and handling suggestions
Overview Troubleshooting Methods
Huawei Confidential
Page 2
What is RTWP?
RTWP
RTWP for Received Total Wideband Power, which is used in UMTS. It specifies
the total energy in the Uplink 3.84 MHz band, including the available signals,
noise, and interference.
Normal range of RTWP

Thermal noise is also called background noise = -106 dBm
PN = KTB + NF, where,
K = Boltzmann constant 1.38 x 10-23

T = 290 K (room
temperature)
B = RF carrier Bandwidth (Hz) = 3.84 MHz
NF: noise figure of the RF
system
The PN is about -106 dBm at room temperature (Power Noise)
3GPP : RTWP accuracy is +/-4 dB

=> without user and external interference, the RTWP should be -106 dBm +/4 dB
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With user, the RTWP increases
Page 3
RTWP Measurement
RTWP is defined as the energy on RFU connector. However, the energy is too weak.
RTWP can be measured only after being amplified by the receiver.
RTWP = energy amplified by the receiver multiple amplifier (gain)
RTWP = P_in = P_out - Gain
MRFU receiver
architecture
P_out
P_in
DC: Analog-to-digital converter
Digital signal processing
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Impact of high RTWP
On the UMTS system, when the RTWP is high
Uplink coverage is restricted, and cell edge users (CEUs) cannot access
the network or dropped from the network.
Network capacity is restricted, and user experience becomes poor
KPIs deteriorate, for example,

RRC access success rate, CS/PS call drop rate, and throughput rate
Huawei Confidential
Page 5
Controlling the RTWP on the

Network Side
Power control policies
Fast Power Control policy: The inner-loop power control policy allows
the UE to transmit at the smallest power when the QoS is ensured.
Soft/Softer Handover: increase the Uplink combining gain.
Time/capacity tradeof: HSUPA HARQ retransmission combining gain
and reduces the transmit power of the UE.
Overload control policy: When RTWP is high, decrease the transmit
power of low-priority users to ensure the conversation quality for highpriority users.
Huawei Confidential
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Network Side
HSUPA scheduling (involves WRFD-01061209 & WRFD01061402 )
HSUPA scheduling is performed according to the cell RoT (RTWP rise)
Without considering interference, 75% (6 dB) load threshold is specified
The throughput control of HSUPA users from the NodeB is equivalent to
power control
=> Therefore, a higher throughput indicates a larger transmit power of the
UE.
Scheduling mode: The available maximum
transmission rate is controlled by the HSUPA
scheduler in the NodeB
the scheduling module, based on load, on Uu
interface (RTWP), CE resource and Iub
bandwidth, adjusts the HSUPA transmission
rate every TTI
Huawei Confidential
Page 7
Anti interference : identify real value of interference and use it like reference

Network Side
WRFD-020136 Anti-Interference Scheduling for HSUPA:
This feature can eliminate the strong external interference and
maintain high HSUPA throughput, improving user experience and
provide efficient capacity for the system maximally.
WRFD-010691 HSUPA UL Interference Cancellation

feature
No impact with external interference
Interference Cancellation (IC) is performed to cancel the
interference caused by the uplink high rate E-DPDCH data of other
users, improving the demodulation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and
increasing the uplink capacity of the UMTS network.
Huawei Confidential
Page 8
Contents

Configuration problems
Interference detection (intermodulation problems, external
problems)
Network planning problems
Traffic capacity and improvement measures
Appendix 1: Method of Collecting Tracing Logs Routinely
Huawei Confidential
Page 9
RTWP Sampling Points
In the RAN system, there are multiple RTWP

sampling points.
NodeB LMT
Batch
NodeB LMT
Call detail trace for cell

(From NodeB LMT)
Huawei Confidential
RTWP Sampling Mode
Board RTWP tracing on the NodeB LMT (both main and diversity
RTWP)
Obtain both main and diversity RTWP independently.
Real-time monitoring on the NodeB LMT (average main and diversity

RTWP, supported in RAN13.0)
Real time trace NodeB LMT - CDT (from NodeB LMT)
Analyze 2ms RTWP from the Call detail trace (CDT) data.
Real-time monitoring RTWP on the RNC LMT (average main and

diversity RTWP)
Obtain the average RTWP every 2ms (each TTI)
Obtain the average RTWP every seconds
RNC performance statistics
Obtain the minimum RTWP, maximum RTWP, and average RTWP KPI.
Huawei Confidential
Contents

RTWP problem description and handling
suggestions
Huawei Confidential
Page 12
Criteria for determining a RTWP

Problem
If KPI average RTWP is more than -93 dB.
Poor user experience:
Web page browsing is slow.

Calls cannot be originated,
and conversation quality is poor.
KPI performance deterioration:
access success rate,

call drop rate,
throughput rate
Huawei Confidential
Page 13
Common RTWP Problems and Troubleshooting

Procedure
Main reasons of high RTWP :

External interference (missing neighboring cell interference)
Channel attenuation configuration (including TMA configuration)
Antenna intermodulation interference
Antenna feeder cross connections
Heavy traffic: often available to busy sites
Huawei Confidential
Page 14
Common RTWP Problems and Troubleshooting

Procedure
Possible reasons for RTWP Pbl :
External interference :
2G/3G uplink frequency scanning (LMT)
Preparing the interference map using Mapinfo (all high inter cell)
Block the cell (out of services) to check the RTWP is still high without
any user
Configuration :
Main level and diversity level and uplink/downlink balance class (2G)
Main and diversity RTWP (3G)
Antenna feeder connections
TMA attenuation configuration and RF interconnection configuration
(between RFU)
Intermodulation interference detection (2G/3G)
Feeder Cross connection
RTWP and number of 3G users: check the relationship between number of
services
and RTWP.
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HUAWEI
TECHNOLOGIES
CO., LTD.
Page 15
RTWP Troubleshooting
Procedure
RTWP performance data (KPI) analyzing: to
determine whether the cell average RTWP rise is
caused by the internal or external interference.
(RNC level)
Monitor both the main RTWP and div RTWP (NodeB

level)
Collect the 2-ms RTWP and the cell CDT data to

determine the interference source based on the
signal characteristics.
Huawei Confidential
Method 1:
RTWP increase, no User in the cell
Key performance counters :

VS.MinRTWP, VS.MeanRTWP, and VS.CellDCHUEs (number of users)
If CellDCHUEs is 0, MinRTWP is greater than -106 dBm.
Possible causes :
RRU-based distributed cell networking
In the RRU-based distributed cell networking, the background noise always

rises by N = 10log (N) dB. Eg. the background noise of two RRUs rises by 3
dB (N=2).
Incorrect TMA configuration
If the RTWP (background noise) is high when no user is connected and still
rises according the number of users
(TMA attenuation configuration and RF interconnection configuration)
Continuous external interference
Impacts of a stable external interference source, the background noise rises

abnormally.
Incorrect
value
reported
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TECHNOLOGIES
CO.,
LTD.
byHuawei
RRU Confidential
Page 17
check whether board RTWP main and diversity and cell RTWP match.
Method 1:
RTWP increase, no User in the cell
Key traffic statistics counters

This figure shows that the RTWP continuously rises by

more than 5 dB when no user is connected at night.
This figure shows that the RTWP continuously rises by

more than 15 dB whereas few users are connected.
In this case, the cell is afected by continuous external

interference.
In this case, the cell is afected by continuous external

interference.
The causes for the abnormal RTWP rise exclude the RF

channel configuration or the distributed RRU networking
because the minimum RTWP of the background noise
during the day decreases to a normal value.
In this situation, you cannot determine the relationship

between the RTWP and the number of users. The RF
channel parameters are configuration has been
checked and are correct.
Huawei Confidential
Page 18
Method 2: No Association Between RTWP Rise and the

Number of Users
VS.MinRTWP, VS.MeanRTWP, and VS.CellDCHUEs (number of
users)
If CellDCHUEs changes, MeanRtwp does not changes with the
number of users.
Possible causes :
External interference
Including continuous external interference and intermittent interference
Incorrect antenna feeder connections
The problem needs to be determined according to the main and diversity

RTWP.
Huawei Confidential
Page 19
Method 2: No Association Between RTWP Rise

and the Number of Users

Intermittent interference
1
Huawei Confidential
Intermittent interference
2
Page 20
Method 2: No Association Between RTWP Rise

and the Number of Users When the
Background Noise Is Normal

Intermittent external interference

Two neighboring cells have two similar RTWP waveforms and receive the
same interference.
Huawei Confidential
Page 21
Method 3: RTWP Change according to the

Number of Users
VS.MinRTWP, VS.MeanRTWP, and VS.CellDCHUEs (number of
users)
If CellDCHUEs changes, MeanRtwp changes with the number of
users.
Possible causes :
Intermodulation interference
The interference of generated intermodulation signals increases with increasing of cell transmit power.
Missing Neighboring cell interference

High number of users
User increase => RTWP increase
Huawei Confidential
Page 22
Method 3: RTWP Change according to the Number of

Users
This figure shows that the RTWP rises by more than 10 dB in cells 2 and 3 where
many users are served.
RTWP rise may be caused if the air interface capacity
limitation.
In cell 1 RTWP rises more than 10 dB even if only few users are served
=> missing neighboring is the main reason.
Huawei Confidential
Page 23
Method 3: RTWP Change according to the Number of

Users
This figure shows that the RTWP rises by about 15 dB when the number of users is
large and decreases to the normal value when the number of users is small.
In the cell, the number of users is about 50. In this case, the air
interface capacity may be limited.
Huawei Confidential
Page 24
Failing to directly specify whether the

problem is caused by External Interference
or Internal Interference
If the symptom is not specified, identify the
problem according to the main and diversity RTWP.
CellID : 54562
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
0
24
48
72
VS.MeanRTWP
96
VS.MinRTWP
Huawei Confidential
120
144
168
VS.CellDCHUEs
Page 25
192
Contents

Huawei Confidential
Page 26

suggestions
Large diference between the main and diversity RTWP trend
1) Same main and diversity RTWP trend
2) Diferent main and diversity RTWP trends
Too high RTWP in small traffic or unloaded scenarios (greater
than -102 dBm)
Too small RTWP in small traffic or unloaded scenarios (smaller
than -108dBm)
RTWP fluctuation
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Page 27
Same main and diversity RTWP trend (about 3dB

diference)
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Page 28

diference)
Possible Causes:
Case1: Incorrect channel attenuation configuration
TMA is configured, but channel attenuation is not configured.

TMA is configured, but power is not properly supplied to the TMA.
TMA is configured, but power supply is abnormal and TMA is faulty.
Case2: incorrect channel attenuation configuration (co cabinet)

Signals are transmitted from RX_OUTA to the antenna connector
(ANT_TX/RXA or ANT_RXB) through the splitter. The problem can be cause by
incorrect channel attenuation configuration (check STD file)
Case3: Attenuator
In the STD, there is a 10-dB attenuator, but it is not connected on site.

The STD file is incorrect.
Huawei Confidential
Page 29

diference)
Key Checkpoints
1. Check the 2G/3G STD for channel attenuation configuration.
2. Check for TMA and power supply.
Check for overcurrent or undercurrent protection. If yes, the power
supply is abnormal. The possible cause are: external power supply is
unavailable, TMA is not configured, or power supply channel is not
configured correctly.
Huawei Confidential
Page 30

suggestions
Too high RTWP in small traffic or unloaded scenarios (>-102
dBm)
Too small RTWP in small traffic or unloaded scenarios (<108dBm)
RTWP fluctuation
Huawei Confidential
Page 31
Diferent main and diversity RTWP trends

(Intermodulation)
Huawei Confidential
Page 32

(Cross connection)
Huawei Confidential
Page 33

Possible Causes
Case 1: Intermodulation Interference
1) The 2G main receiver causes intermodulation interference and afects
3G diversity reception.
2) The 3G main receiver causes intermodulation interference and afects
3G main reception.
)Case 2: Cross Connections

Diferent sectors cross feeders. Main and diversity receivers of one sector
is not relevant, but main and diversity receivers between the two sectors are
relevant.
Huawei Confidential
Page 34

(Intermodulation)
Key Checkpoints
Point 1: Check for intermodulation. If intermodulation exists, check
the customer interference or Huawei interface (see methodology).
1) Conduct idle timeslot tests to check whether 2G interference afects
3G.
2) Conduct simulation load tests to check for 3G interference.
For UMTS900 MHz sites, the 2G frequency scanning function can be
used
Intermodulation
Interference Method
Point 2: Check feeder connections onsite.

Huawei Confidential
Page 35
Different main and diversity RTWP trends

(The main or diversity receiver do not have any signal)
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Page 36

Possible Causes
Case 1:
2G: Single-feeder and double-feeder configurations are incorrect.

3G: The RF interconnection configuration is incorrect.
Case 2: Antenna feeder connections are incorrect.

1) The antenna feeder is not connected.
2) The splitter is faulty.
3) The WRFU is faulty.
Huawei Confidential
Page 37

Procedure
Case 1: Check whether the RF cross connection configuration is

the same as the design in the STD.
Case 2:
check alarms
Check every connections and/or replace components to
confirm
whether the problem persists.
Case 3: Contact onsite engineers to check the MSL, confirm the

site type, and disable diversity channels.
Huawei Confidential
Page 38

suggestions
dBm)
RTWP fluctuation
Huawei Confidential
Page 39
Too high RTWP in small traffic or unloaded scenarios

(>-102 dBm)
Symptom High Background Noise Rise
Huawei Confidential
Page 40

(>-102 dBm)
Possible Causes
Case 1: The TMA is used, but channel attenuation is not
configured.
Case 2: Continuous external interference causes
background noise rise.
Case 3: The cell is configured in multi-RRU cascading
mode.
Huawei Confidential
Page 41

(>-102 dBm)
Actions
Case 1: Set the channel attenuation (MAX: 14 dB) so that RTWP
approaches the target value -106 dBm.
Case 2: If the STD does not specify TMA or the main RTWP and
diversity RTWP cannot approach the target value after the
attenuation below 14 dB is configured, use the Rx Frequency
Scanning function to perform uplink external interference
scanning.
Case 3: Check the cell configuration for multi-RRU cascading
cells.
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Page 42

suggestions
dBm)
RTWP fluctuation
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Page 43
Huawei Confidential
Page 44
Possible Causes
Case 1: The TMA is not configured, but the attenuation is
configured, resulting in a decrease in the actual RTWP.
Case 2: The TMA is configured, and the attenuation is too
high, resulting in a diference between the configured RTWP
and the actual RTWP.
Case 3: The TMA is configured, and the attenuation is
configured correctly. The TMA is not connected properly, or
TMA is faulty and the status is Bypass.
Huawei Confidential
Page 45
Actions
Case 1: Check that no TMA is configured, and set
the attenuation to 0.
Case 2: Adjust the attenuation so that the RTWP
approaches the target value -106 dBm.
Case 3: Check for TMA alarms to confirm whether
the TMA is faulty.
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Page 46

suggestions
dBm)
RTWP fluctuation
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Page 47
Symptom - RTWP fluctuation

- External Interference
RTWP fluctuation is complex. In normal scenarios, RTWP fluctuates slightly.
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Page 48
RTWP fluctuation
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Page 49
RTWP fluctuation
Possible Causes
Case 1: Antenna feeder connections are
incorrect; intermodulation exists.
Case 2: External interference exists.
Case 3: RTWP rises due to services.
Huawei Confidential
Page 50
RTWP fluctuation
Actions
Case 1: Start the load simulation mode in idle hours to
check whether the problem is caused by intermodulation.
Check antenna feeder connections.
Case 2: Check the symptoms of the main and diversity
receivers are consistent and whether the symptoms occur
in other neighboring cells. If yes, it indicates that external
interference exists.
Case 3: Export the traffic statistics data (minimum
RTWP/average RTWP) to check whether the RTWP
fluctuation is closely related to the number of users. If yes,
optimize service parameters.
Huawei Confidential
Page 51
Contents

Configuration problems
Interference detection (intermodulation problems, external
problems)
Network planning problems
Traffic capacity and improvement measures
Appendix 1: Method of Collecting Tracing Logs Routinely
Huawei Confidential
Page 52
Configuration Problems: Parameters and

Commands
Configuring Connection with TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier)
TMA attenuation factor configuration :
RAN12.0: DSP RXATTEN; RAN13.0: DSP RXBRANCH
TMA power supply switch :
RAN12.0: DSP ANTCON; RAN13.0: DSP ANTENNAPORT => to query the power
switch status for the antenna port
2G dedicated: TMA switch
TMA overcurrent and undercurrent alarm thresholds
RF cross connections
Channel calibration (DSP RTWPINITADJ)
RF de-energy
R12: DSP RFDESPARAM;
R13: LST RRU
Desensitivity
R12: DSP DESENS; R13: DSP DESENS

RUNPARA bath
Tools and commands:

The configuration script for the TMA switch is :
Huawei Confidential
Page 53
Service Capacity Improvement

Measures
Huawei Confidential
Attachment 1
Collecting RTWP Routine Tracing
Logs
1. M2000 batch processing script-based
sampling
Advantages: Fast, batch processing
2. M2000 single-site sampling

Advantages: easy to operate for some sites
RTWP Analys is
Guide
Huawei Confidential
Page 55
Confirming Intermodulation
Interference and External
Interference
Intermodulation interference
Intermodulation
For details about how to confirm 2G/3G intermodulation

:
Inference
Tes t Method.do2G intermodulation
batch proces s ing s cr
2G intermodulation batch processing script:
Basic principle:
http: //support.huawei.com/support/pages/kbcenter/view/product.do?actionFlag=detailProductSimple&web_doc_id=SC0000673040&doc_type=123-2
External interference
R12 python
2G: The LMT is delivered with the frequency scanning function.

frequency s canning
3G: In RAN12.0, the python script is used to collect frequency information for R&D
analysis.
In RAN13.0, the LMT is delivered with the frequency scanning function.
Antenna feeder connections
2G: Make a decision based on the main/diversity level diference and UL/DL balance
class.
3G: Make a decision based on the RTWP diference and correlation. The RTWP analysis
tool is :
(In the tool, select check Antenna cross.
RTWP Analys is tool
The tool is continuously improved. For details, contact Zhang Junjie
(employee ID: 00107307).
Huawei Confidential
Page 56
Thank you
www.huawei.com
Confirming External Interference

Preparing the Interference
Map Using the Mapinfo
Huawei Confidential
Page 58
Network Planning Checking

Neighboring cell interference
If a neighboring cell is missing in the configuration, the local cell is
interfered with and the RTWP of the cell increases.
Currently, the NPMaster tool is used to analyze the PCHR and RNC
configuration file and the table of missing neighboring cells can be
generated.
Checking Traffic Capacity

Counters
The abnormal RTWP rise is directly caused after
the user uplink load increases.
Huawei Confidential
Checking Traffic Capacity

Counters
Traffic capacity
The abnormal RTWP rise is directly caused after
the user uplink load increases.
Huawei Confidential

RTWP Troubleshooting

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Security Level:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Normal range of RTWP

PN = KTB + NF, where,

K = Boltzmann constant 1.38 x 10-23

3GPP : RTWP accuracy is +/-4 dB

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

With user, the RTWP increases

RTWP = P_in = P_out - Gain

DC: Analog-to-digital converter

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Digital signal processing

Impact of high RTWP

On the UMTS system, when the RTWP is high

Network capacity is restricted, and user experience becomes poor

KPIs deteriorate, for example,

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Controlling the RTWP on the

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Controlling the RTWP on the

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Controlling the RTWP on the

WRFD-010691 HSUPA UL Interference Cancellation

Overview of RTWP Sampling Points

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

RTWP Sampling Points

In the RAN system, there are multiple RTWP

Call detail trace for cell

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

RTWP Sampling Mode

Obtain both main and diversity RTWP independently.

Real-time monitoring on the NodeB LMT (average main and diversity

Real time trace NodeB LMT - CDT (from NodeB LMT)

Real-time monitoring RTWP on the RNC LMT (average main and

Obtain the average RTWP every 2ms (each TTI)

Obtain the average RTWP every seconds

RNC performance statistics

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Overview of RTWP Sampling Points

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Criteria for determining a RTWP

If KPI average RTWP is more than -93 dB.

Poor user experience:

Web page browsing is slow.

KPI performance deterioration:

access success rate,

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Common RTWP Problems and Troubleshooting

Main reasons of high RTWP :

Heavy traffic: often available to busy sites

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Common RTWP Problems and Troubleshooting

Monitor both the main RTWP and div RTWP (NodeB

Collect the 2-ms RTWP and the cell CDT data to

RTWP increase, no User in the cell

Key performance counters :

In the RRU-based distributed cell networking, the background noise always

Incorrect TMA configuration

Continuous external interference

Impacts of a stable external interference source, the background noise rises

RTWP increase, no User in the cell

Key traffic statistics counters

This figure shows that the RTWP continuously rises by