HYDRO ELECTRIC

POWER PLANT

INTRODUCTION

Here, potential energy of water is converted into mechanical

energy which runs a generation.

Hydraulic power is a naturally available renewable energy

source.

Power is given by the equation: P= gH watts.

Nearly 20% of the total power of the world comes from

hydropower.

Example: Norway, Switzerland .

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

OF HYDROPOWER
Advantages :

Disadvantages :

Water source easily available, no fuel is

required.

The gestation period of hydro projects is

quite large.

Hydro power is environmentally benign.

Hydraulic turbine can be switched on or

off in a short period of time.

Power generation is dependent on the

quantity of water available, vary from
season to season.

Plant is simple in concept and self

contained.

Equipments have longer life period.

Large hydro power plants disturbs the

ecology of the area by means of
deforestation, destroying vegetation and
uprooting people.

Manpower requirement is low.

SELECTION OF SITE
Availability
Water

of water,

storage capacity,

Available

water head,

Accessibility
Distance
Type

of the site,

from the load center,

of the land of the site.

ELEMENTS OF HYDRO- ELECTRIC

POWER PLANT

 Catchment

area,

Reservoir,
Dam,
Spillways,
Conduits,
Surge
Draft

Tank,

Tube,

Power

House.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF HYDEL
POWER PLANTS

According to availability of head:

High head (>100m), Medium head (30 to 100m), Low head (<30 m)

According to the quantity of water available,

Impoundment system, Run off river system, Pumped storage

According to nature of load :

Base load or Peak load power plants.

TYPES OF TURBINES

Impulse Turbine :

Reaction Turbine :

Convert kinetic energy of water jet

hitting buckets,

Derive power from pressure drop

across turbine,

No pressure drop across the turbines.

Totally immersed in water,

Used for high head application.

Angular and linear motion converted

to shaft power,

Example: Pelton wheel, Turgo wheel .

Example: Francis turbine, Kaplan turbine.

HYDRO POWER CALCULATION

Power = (total hydraulic head)* (Volumetric flow rate)* efficiency

= [ gz + V ] * Q *

for impoundment system, only PE is recovered, no recovery of KE.

Efficiency is the ratio of electrical power delivered to the busber

to the Potential energy of the head water.

Efficiency ranges generally to 75%-95%.

HYDROPOWER PROSPECTS
IN BANGLADESH

Flat terrain - limited potential,

The rivers in Chittagong hold such potential,

Kaptai Hydro power plant is the only one established

currently generating 230 Mw of power.

Other potential rivers are Matamuhuri and Sangu.