CHNG 3

CNG LOGIC
CC KHI NIM LIN QUAN
CNG LOGIC C BN
THNG S K THUT
GIAO TIP GIA CC H IC S

 CC KHI NIM LIN QUAN

- Tn hiu tng t l tn hiu c bin lin tc theo thi gian,
thng do cc hin tng t nhin sinh ra.
- Tn hiu s l tn hiu c dng xung gin on v thi gian bin
ch c 2 mc r rt: mc cao v mc thp.
- Mch in x l tn hiu tng t gi l mch tng t. Mch
in x l tn hiu s gi l mch s.
u im ca mch s so vi mch tng t:
- D thit k, phn tch.
- Hot ng theo chng trnh lp sn
- t b nh hng ca nhiu.
- D ch to thnh mch tch hp.
Chng 3: Cng Logic

Phn loi IC s da vo s cng trong mt chip:

- S cng < 10: SSI (Small Scale Integrated)
- 10 < S cng < 100: MSI (Medium Scale Integrated)
- 100 < S cng < 1000: LSI (Large Scale Integrated)
- 1000 < S cng < 10000: VLSI (Very Large SI)
- 10000 < S cng: ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integrated)

Chng 3: Cng Logic

Biu din trng thi Logic 1 v 0

- Ngi ta thng gn: Logic dng:
in th cao Logic 1 ; in th thp Logic 0
Thc t, mc Logic 1 v mc logic 0 tng ng vi mt khong in th xc nh,
c mt khong chuyn tip gia mc cao v mc thp l khong khng xc nh
(ngng logic). Khong ny ty thuc vo h IC s dng v c cung cp trong
bng thng s k thut Trong khong in p ny c th gy ra li trong mch s.
-Logic m ngc li
VD gin in th cc mc logic ca IC s h TTL

Chng 3: Cng Logic

 CNG LOGIC C BN (Cng logic l cc mch in

t c chc nng thc hin cc hm logic).
1. Cng NOT (Cng o)
-

Chc nng: Dng thc hin php o logic, cn gi l cng (INVERTER).

Cng NOT c 1 ng vo v 1 ng ra
- Bng s tht
- K hiu

- Gin thi gian

1
0
1

Note: Khi cng o c ghp chung vi cng khc

th k hiu c n gin thnh 1 du trn nh

0
Chng 3: Cng Logic

2. Cng AND (ton t . v)

-

Chc nng: Dng thc hin php nhn logic gia 2 hay nhiu bin nh
phn. Cng AND c 2 hay nhiu ng vo v c 1 ng ra
- K hiu

- Bng s tht

- Gin thi gian

A
B

1
0

Y = A.B

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
0
0
1

1
0
1

Note: Ng ra cng AND ch mc cao khi tt c cc

ng vo u mc cao

Chng 3: Cng Logic

3. Cng OR (ton t + hoc)

-

Chc nng: Dng thc hin php cng logic gia 2 hay nhiu bin nh
phn. Cng OR c 2 hay nhiu ng vo v c 1 ng ra
- K hiu

- Bng s tht

- Gin thi gian

A
B

1
0
1

Y=A+B

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
1
1
1

0
1

Note: Ng ra cng OR ch mc thp khi tt c cc

ng vo u mc thp

Chng 3: Cng Logic

Bt k mch logic no cng c th c xy dng t 3 cng c bn:

AND, OR v NOT

4. Cng NAND
-

Chc nng: Thc hin cng 1 lc 2 chc nng: AND v NOT. Cng
NAND c 2 hay nhiu ng vo v c 1 ng ra
- Bng s tht

- K hiu

Khi ni chung 2 ng vo ca
cng NAND Cng NOT

Y A.B

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

1
1
1
0

Note: Ng ra ch bng 0 khi

tt c A v B u bng 1
Chng 3: Cng Logic

5. Cng NOR
-

Chc nng: Thc hin cng 1 lc 2 chc nng: OR v NOT. Cng NOR
2 hay nhiu ng vo v c 1 ng ra
- Bng s tht

- K hiu

Khi ni chung 2 ng vo ca
cng NOR Cng NOT

Y AB

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

1
0
0
0

Note: Ng ra ch bng 1 khi

tt c A v B u bng 0
Chng 3: Cng Logic

6. Cng BUFFER (Cng m)

-

Chc nng: Dng nh mch khch i logic. Tn hiu qua cng m

khng lm thay i trng thi logic.

Dng cng m sa dng tn hiu vung hn, a in th tn hiu

v ng mc logic. Cng BUFFER c 1 ng vo v c 1 ng ra

- K hiu

- Bng s tht

Chng 3: Cng Logic

Y=A

0
1

0
1

10

7. Cng EX-OR
- Chc nng: Thc hin php ton EX-OR (cng ngoi tr - cng b qua s
nh) gia 2 bin nh phn. Cng EX-OR c 2 ng vo v c 1 ng ra
- Hm: Y A B A .B A.B

- Bng s tht

- K hiu:
= AB
-Khi c mt ng vo ni ln mc cao th
cng EX-OR = Cng NOT
-Khi c mt ng vo ni xung mc
thp th cng EX-OR = Cng M

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

Y=AB
0
1
1
0

Y=0 khi A v B cng mc logic

Y=1 khi A v B cng mc logic
Chng 3: Cng Logic

11

8. Cng EX-NOR
- Chc nng: Thc hin php ton EX-OR v NOT. Cng EX-NOR c 2 ng
vo v c 1 ng ra
- Hm:

- Bng s tht

Y A B A .B A.B

- K hiu:

AB

-Khi c mt ng vo ni ln mc cao th
cng EX-NOR = Cng M
-Khi c mt ng vo ni xung mc
thp th cng EX-NOR = Cng NOT

Y AB

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

1
0
0
1

Y=1 khi A v B cng mc logic

Y=0 khi A v B cng mc logic

Chng 3: Cng Logic

12

9. Cng PHC (AOI)

- Khi kt ni nhiu cng khc nhau thc hin 1 hm logic no c gi
l cng Phc (AOI)

VD: T mch in vit biu thc

Y ( A .D C).B

VD: T biu thc V mch in

Y A .B.C A B.C A .BD

Chng 3: Cng Logic

13

10. S CHUYN I QUA LI GIA CC CNG LOGIC

Ch cn dng AND v NOT hoc OR v NOT l xy dng c tt c cc hm
khc c ngha l c th xy dng tt c cc cng khc t AND v NOT hoc
OR v NOT. Mt khc cng Not c th to ra t cng NAND hoc cng NOR
Tt c cc hm logic c th c thc hin bi cng NAND hoc cng NOR.
Qui tc: Bin i gia AND, NOT OR, NOT: Thm cc cng o ng vo v
ng ra, nu cc ng c o ri th o ny s mt i. (Thc cht l s dng
nh l De-morgan).

NOR :Y A B

Y A .B A B
Y A.B A B

NAND :Y A.B

Y A B A.B

AND :Y A.B

Y A B A .B

NOT :Y A

Y A

OR :Y A B

Chng 3: Cng Logic

14

11. T NAND XY DNG CC CNG KHC

NOT :Y A

A.A

AND :Y A.B A.B

OR :Y A B A B A .B
NOR :Y A B A .B A .B
EX - OR :Y A B A .B A.B A .B A.B

A .B. A.B

EX - NOR :Y A B A .B A.B A .B A.B

A .B. A.B

Chng 3: Cng Logic

15

11. T NOR XY DNG CC CNG KHC

NOT :Y A

AA

OR :Y A B A B

AND :Y A.B A.B A B

NAND :Y A.B A B A B
EX - OR :Y A B A .B A.B

A .B A.B

A .B . A.B

AB.AB AB AB
EX - NOR :Y A B A .B A.B A .B A.B A .B . A.B
AB.AB

AB AB

Chng 3: Cng Logic

16

 THNG S K THUT CA IC S
Cc i lng in c trng
- VCC: in th ngun
- VIH(min): in th ng vo mc cao
- VIL(max): in th ng vo mc thp
- VOH(min): in th ng ra mc cao
- VOL(max): in th ng ra mc thp
- IIH: Dng in ng vo mc cao
- IIL: Dng in ng vo mc cao
- IOH: Dng in ng ra mc cao
- IOL: Dng in ng ra mc thp
- ICCH, ICCL: Dng in qua IC, khi ng ra mc cao, thp
Chng 3: Cng Logic

17

Thi tr truyn l thi gian

tr ca tn hiu logic truyn
qua mt cng

Cng sut tiu tn

PD(avg) = ICC(avg).VCC

I CCH I CCL
I CC (avg)
2
Fan-Out l s ng vo ln nht c
th ni vi ng ra ca mt IC cng
loi, hay l kh nng chu ti ca mt
cng logic
Fan Out H

I OH
I IH

I OL
Fan Out L
I IL

(Unit Load)

tPLH: thi tr truyn t thp ln

cao
tPHL: thi tr truyn t cao
xung thp

Chng 3: Cng Logic

18

Tch s cng sut - vn tc

Dng nh gi cht lng IC, l tch s cng sut tiu tn v thi
tr truyn.
Tnh min nhiu tu thuc
kh nng dung np hiu th
nhiu ca mch, c xc
nh bi l nhiu.
L nhiu mc cao:
VNH = VOH(min) VIH(min)
L nhiu mc thp:
VNL = VOL(max) VIL(max)
Chng 3: Cng Logic

19

Logic nhn dng v Logic cp dng

Th hin s trao i dng in gia hai tng thc v tng ti

Tnh Schimitt Trigger

Chng 3: Cng Logic

20

 ci thin dng tn hiu ng ra, tnh min nhiu cao ch to

cc cng c tnh tr in th, gi l cng Schmitt Trigger.

K hiu:

Chng 3: Cng Logic

21

 H TTL
Cng c bn h TTL

Ng ra totempole
Khng th ni chung ng
ra ca cc cng khc nhau.

Chng 3: Cng Logic

22

Ng ra cc thu h

- Cho php ni cc ng ra ca
nhiu cng khc nhau.
- Phi mc in tr ko ln khi
s dng.
- Cho php in tr ko ln mc
vo ngun in th cao.

Ng ra ba trng thi

Chng 3: Cng Logic

23

c tnh ca lot TTL

Thng s k thut

74 74L 74H 74S

Thi tr truyn (ns)

CS tiu tn (mW)
Tch s CS-VT (pJ)
Tn s Ck max (MHz)

9
10
90
35
10

33
1
33
3
20

6
23
138
50
10

3
20
60
125
20

9,5
2
19
45
20

1,7
8
13,6
200
40

4
1,2
4,8
70
20

3
6
18
100
33

2,4
0,4
2,0
0,8

2,4
0,4
2,0
0,7

2,4
0,4
2,0
0,8

2,7
0,5
2,0
0,8

2,7
0,5
2,0
0,8

2,5
0,5
2,0
0,8

2,5
0,4
2,0
0,8

2,5
0,5
2,0
0,8

Fan-Out
in th
VOH(min)
VOL(max)
VIH(min)
VIL(max)

Chng 3: Cng Logic

74LS 74AS 74ALS 74F

24

 H MOS
Cng c bn NMOS

Vin
0V (logic 0)

T1

T2

RON = 100K ROFF = 1010

+5V (logic 1) RON = 100K RON = 1K

Chng 3: Cng Logic

Vout
+5V (logic 1)
0,05V (logic 0)
25

Cng c bn CMOS

Vin

T1

T2

Vout

VDD (logic 1) ROFF = 1010

RON = 1K

0V (logic 0)

0V (logic 0)

ROFF = 1010

VDD (logic 1)

RON = 1K

Chng 3: Cng Logic

26

Cc cng CMOS khc

Chng 3: Cng Logic

27

c tnh ca h CMOS
- Ngun: VDD
- Mc logic:

3V 15V
VOL(max) = 0V

VOH(min) = VDD

VIL(max) = 30%VDD

VIH(min) = 70%VDD

- L nhiu:

VNH = 30%VDD

VNL = 30%VDD

- S Fan-Out:
Cc lot CMOS

50UL

- 4XXX, 14XXX
- 74C: CMOS, c cng chc nng, s chn vi IC TTL
- 74HC: High speed CMOS, ci tin tc giao hon ca 74C
- 74AC: Advance CMOS, ci tin ca 74HC v mt nhiu
Chng 3: Cng Logic

28

 GIAO TIP GIA CC H IC S

iu kin thc trc tip:
- Dng in ra ca tng thc dng in vo ca tng ti
- in th ra ca tng thc ph hp vi in th vo ca tng ti
Thng s

CMOS (VDD = 5V)

TTL

4000B

74HC

74HCT

74

74LS

74AS

74ALS

3,5V
1,5V

3,5V
1,0V

2,0V
0,8V

2,0V
0,8V

2,0V
0,8V

2,0V
0,8V

2,0V
0,8V

VOL(max)

4,95V
0,05V

4,9V
0,1V

4,9V
0,1V

2,4V
0,4V

2,7V
0,5V

2,7V
0,5V

2,7V
0,4V

IIH(max)

1A

1A

1A

1A

1A

1A

20A
2mA

200A
2mA

20A

IIL(max)

40A
1,6mA

100A

IOH(max)

0,4mA
0,4mA

4mA
4mA

4mA
0,4mA
4mA3: Cng16mA
Chng
Logic

0,4mA
8mA

2mA
20mA

0,4mA
8mA
29

VIH(min)
VIL(max)
VOH(min)

IOL(max)

TTL thc CMOS

- TTL thc CMOS ngun thp (VDD = 5V): Mc in tr ko ln
ng ra TTL nng in th ra ca TTL
- TTL thc 74HCT: Kt ni khng cn in tr ko ln
- TTL thc CMOS ngun cao (VDD = 10V): Dng cng m c ng
ra h dng ngun cao

Chng 3: Cng Logic

30

CMOS thc TTL

- CMOS thc TTL trng thi cao: Khng c vn
- CMOS thc TTL trng thi thp: Dng cng m i vi
lot 4000B
- CMOS ngun cao thc TTL: Dng cng m h in th ra

Chng 3: Cng Logic

31