MALAYSIAN SECURITY & DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

(DIS 0013)

THE FACTORS THAT SHAPED MALAYSIAS

NATIONAL
SECURITY IN RELATION TO MAJOR POWER USA

PRESENTED BY:
TUTORIAL GROUP 6

REFERENCES

BUZAN, BARRY. (1982). PEOPLE, STATE AND FEAR (2ND ED.). LONDON.

BUZAN, BARRY. WAEVER, OLE. & WILDE, JAAP DE. (1998). SECURITY: A NEW
FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS. LONDON: LYNNE RIENNER PUBLISHER.

ALAN COLLINS.2007. CONTEMPORARY SECURITY STUDIES.

MALAYSIA, USA SIGN ANTI-TERROR DECLARATION , BBC MONITOING SERVICE,

MAY 15, 2002.

MALAYSIAS NATIONAL DEFENCE POLICY.

THE STAR, SATURDAY, JULY 30, 2011.
(MORGENTHAU 1958:66).
ECONOMIC CRISIS IN EUROPE: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND RESPONSES,
EUROPEAN ECONOMY 7/2009, SEPTEMBER 14, 2009, III.

NEW ECONOMIC MODEL FOR MALAYSIA DOCUMENT PREPARED BY THE NATIONAL

ECONOMIC ADVISORY COUNCIL, (KUALA LUMPUR: PERCETAKAN NASIONAL
MALAYSIA BERHAD, 2009) PART I & II.

INTRODUCTION

SINCE INDEPENDENCE IN 1957, THE UNITED STATES AND MALAYSIA HAVE

ENJOYED CORDIAL RELATIONS IN TRADE, INVESTMENT, DEFENCE,
NARCOTICS CONTROL AND CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGES
BOTH NATIONS HAVE SAME CORE VALUES SUCH AS DEMOCRACY, FREE
ENTERPRISE AND RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE
TRADE AND INVESTMENT BETWEEN US AND MALAYSIA CONTINUE TO
STEADILY INCREASE AND THESE TIES REMAIN TO BE STRONG
FUNDAMENTAL FEATURE OF THEIR RELATIONSHIP

AIM

TO ANALYSE
MALAYSIAS
NATIONAL SECURITY
IN RELATION TO
UNITED STATES

SCOPE
UNDERSTANDING

SECURITY
US - MALAYSIA SECURITY

RELATIONS
NATIONAL SECURITY OF

MALAYSIA IN RELATION TO
US
GLOBAL TREND
CONCLUSION
Q&A

UNDERSTANDING SECURITY

FREE FROM MILITARY THREAT AND POLITICAL COERCION

MACMILLAN DICTIONARY THE PROTECTION OR THE SAFETY OF A
COUNTRYS SECRETS AND ITS CITIZENS
HAROLD

BROWN NATIONAL SECURITY IS THE ABILITY TO

PRESERVE THE NATIONS PHYSICAL INTEGRITY AND TERRITORY;
TO MAINTAIN ITS ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE REST OF THE
WORLD ON REASONABLE TERMS; TO PRESERVE ITS NATURE,
INSTITUTION AND GOVERNANCE FROM DISRUPTION FROM
OUTSIDE AND TO CONTROL ITS BORDERS

THE NATIONAL SECURITY IS THE REQUIREMENT TO MAINTAIN

THE SURVIVAL OF STATE THROUGH THE USE OF ECONOMIC

POWER, DIPLOMACY, POWER PROJECTION AND POLITICAL
POWER

CONT
BARRY BUZAN SECURITY ABOUT THE PURSUIT OF FREEDOM FROM

THREAT AND THE ABILITY OF STATES AND SOCIETIES TO MAINTAIN

THEIR INDEPENDENT IDENTITY AND FUNCTIONAL INTEGRITY AGAINST
FORCES OF CHANGE WHICH THEY SEE AS HOSTILE. THE BOTTOM
LINE OF SECURITY IS SURVIVAL
LEVEL OF SECURITY (BARRY BUZAN) INDIVIDUAL, STATES AND

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS
SECURITY ANALYSIS DIVIDED IN FOLLOWING TERMS (BARRY BUZAN) :

MILITARY SY - ARMED OFFENSIVE & DEFENSIVE CAPABILITIES OF

STATES

POLITICAL SY - ORGANIZATIONAL STABILITY OF STATES

ECONOMIC SY- TO SUSTAIN OF WELFARE & STATES POWER

SOCIETAL SY - ABILITY TO REPRODUCE OF NATIONAL IDENTITY

ENVIRONMENTAL SY - TO MAINTAIN OF THE LOCAL AND THE

CONT
Securit
y

Military Politica
l

Level
Global

Social

Non
Region
al
Region
al
Local

Econom Environmen
ic
t

POLITICAL
AND

NON POLITICAL ISSUES

NATIONAL SY IN MALAYSIA DURING COLD WAR LIMITED TO THREAT

FROM COMMUNISM, KONFRONTASI , PHILIPPINES CLAIM OR ETHNIC
TENSIONS
MODERN SECURITY THREATS INCLUDE NON TRADITIONAL SECURITY

US MALAYSIA SECURITY RELATIONS

THE SECURITY RELATION OF MSIAUS ON TERRORISM (PRIORITY)
IN 2002, MSIA-US WAS SIGNED A
DECLARATION OF FRAME WORK FOR
COUNTER
TERRORISM
COOPERATION

MILITARY
THE US EXTENT LIMITED
ASSISTANCE TO MSIA FOR DEFENCE
PURCHASES AND INTERNATIONAL
MILITARY
EDUCATION
TRAINING
PROGRAM (IMET)
BOTH COUNTRIES WORK CLOSELY
ON NARCOTIC CONTROL (DRUG
ABUSE AND TRAFFICKING)

NATIONAL SECURITY OF MALAYSIA IN RELATION TO USA

POLITICAL SECURITY

THE MSIA-US ARE SAME IDEOLOGY OF

DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL
AFFILITIONS SINCE INDEPENDENCE
THE BARISAN NASIONAL PARTY
EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT AND
IMPARTED THE POLITICAL STABILITY
THE POLITICAL MOBILIZATION OF
PEOPLE OF ALL CULTURE AND
RELIGION HAS ENSURED THAT THE
POLITICAL SECURITY IS MANIFESTED
IN THE FORM OF DEMOCRACY

POLITICAL SECURITY MATRIX

GLOBAL
REGIONAL
STATE
INDIVIDUAL
INFLUENCE INFLUENCE INFLUENC
INFLUENCE
E
ORGANIZATIO
ASEAN
ECONOMIC
NAL
REFORMS

STABILITY OF
STATE
SYSTEMS OF DEMOCRAC

GOVERNMENT Y
POLITICAL

POLITICAL

IDEOLOGIES
REFORMS

NATIONAL SECURITY OF MALAYSIA IN RELATION TO USA

MILITARY SECURITY

THE US REMAIN AS PREDOMINANT

POWER AND PLAY IMPORTANT
ROLE IN SHAPING THE REGIONAL
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT
THE
MSIA

US
DEFENCE
COOPERATION
PROVIDES
THE
SUPPORT
MSIAS
NATIONAL
DEFENCE
AND
ECONOMIC
INTERESTS
THE US MSIA ARE COOPERATING
TO
ENHANCE
MALAYSIAS
PEACEKEEPING
CAPABILITIES
THROUGH THE UNITED NATIONS

MILITARY SECURITY MATRIX

GLOBAL
REGIONAL
STATE
INFLUENCE INFLUENCE INFLUENCE

CAPABILITI
ES
OF
OFFENSIV STATES
STATES
E
PERCEPTIO
N
CAPABILITI
ES
OF
STATES
DEFENSIV
STATES
E
PERCEPTIO
N

ARMY/NAV
Y/AIR
FORCE

NATIONAL SECURITY OF MALAYSIA IN RELATION TO USA

SOCIETAL SECURITY

MALAYSIA IS A MULTI ETHNIC AND

MULTICULTURAL COUNTRY WITH A
HIGH
DEGREE
OF
TOLERANCE
AMONG THE PEOPLE
US
MSIA
HAVING
SIMILAR
PROBLEMS OF IMMIGRATION ISSUES
EXISTS.
THE
HISTORY
OF
US
IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE POLICY
IS A SERIES OF COMPROMISES AND
TRADE-OFFS
TO
CHOOSE
THE
APPROACH THAT GUARDS MAXIMUM
NATIONAL INTERESTS
MALAYSIA CONSIDERS IT AS THREAT

SOCIETAL SECURITY

SOCIETAL SECURITY

SOCIETAL SECURITY MATRIX

STATE INFLUENCE

LANGUAGE

INDIVIDUAL
INFLUENCE

CULTURE

RELIGIOUS

NATIONAL
IDENTITY/
CUSTOMS

BUMIPUTERA

NATIONAL SECURITY OF MALAYSIA IN RELATION TO USA

ECONOMIC SECURITY

MALAYSIAS REAL GDP ESTIMATES FOR 2011 ARE U.S.

DOLLARS (USD) 196 MILLION AND THE INCOME PER CAPITA
FOR THE SAME PERIOD IS USD 9,575
ECONOMIC ISSUES FOR MALAYSIA NOW ARE THE EFFECTS OF
THE RAPID GLOBAL CHANGES HIGHER PRICES ON
CONSUMERS, EFFECTS OF SURGING OIL PRICES ON
GOVERNMENT FINANCES AND THE REVISION OF THE PUBLIC
SERVICES REMUNERATION SCHEME
THE UNITED STATES IS THE LARGEST FOREIGN INVESTOR IN
MALAYSIA ON A CUMULATIVE BASIS AND WAS THE THIRDLARGEST SOURCE OF NEW FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN
MALAYSIA IN 2011

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF

MALAYSIA AT MARKET PRICES

Year

1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

GDP
Inflation
Exchange
(in
Index
(1 USD to
millions)
(2005=10
MYR)
35567980
0)
54,285
78,890
119,082
222,473
343,216
494,544
765,966

2.17
2.48
2.70
2.50
3.80
3.78
3.04

47
60
65
79
92
100
113

Nominal
Per
Capita
GDP
(as % of
USA)
14.78
11.44
10.47
15.69
11.47
12.67
17.81

PPP Per
Capita
GDP
(as % of
USA)
19.19
19.33
20.87
27.02
26.01
26.67
31.03

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF

MALAYSIA
2011 - 2015

COMPARISON MALAYSIA-US GDP

ACHIEVEMENT OF MALAYSIA

ECONOMIC SECURITY MATRIX

GLOBAL
INFLUENC
E

REGIONAL
INFLUENCE

RESOURCE FOREIGN

INVESTMEN
S

STATE
INDIVIDUAL
INFLUENCE INFLUENCE
NATURAL
RESOURCES

FINANCE

MARKETS

FOREIGN

INVESTMEN
T

NATIONAL SECURITY OF MALAYSIA IN RELATION TO USA

ENVIRONMENT SECURITY

TRANBOUNDARY HAZE AND POLLUTION OF

MELACCA STRAITS. DEFORESTATION IS
ANOTHER MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT
THAT IS PUTTING ECOLOGICAL EFFECT ON
SOCIETY
MALAYSIA IS ACTIVELY PARTICIPATING IN
ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF GLOBAL
WARMING. MALAYSIA IN COPENHAGEN 2009
AGREED TO REDUCE ITS CARBON DIOXIDE
EMISSION TO 40% BY THE YEAR 2020
THE BUDGET 2010, ESTABLISHMENT OF A
GREEN TECHNOLOGY FINANCING SCHEME
AMOUNTING TO RM1.5 BILLION IN AN
ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE THE SUPPLY AND
UTILISATION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY

ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY MATRIX

STATES
INFLUENCE

INDIVIDUAL
INFLUENCE

MAINTENANC

E
OF
THE

LOCAL
PLANETARY
DEFORESTATION INTERNAL
BIOSPHERE

GLOBAL TREND

GLOBALISATION

IS THE VIEW THAT THE LEVEL OF

INTERACTION AND ACTIVITY WITHIN THE HUMAN SPHERE AND
THE IMPACT OF THIS ACTIVITY ON THE REST OF THE
ECOSPHERE, IS BECOMING BIGGER, FASTER AND MORE
INTENSE, AND THAT THIS IS NOW THE DOMINANT FEATURE
OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

GLOBALISATION IMPLIES THAT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY NOW

DOMINATES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, REPLACING WAR AS

THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND BOTH THE STATE AND WORLD
POLITICS
GLOBALISATION MEANS THAT THE INTERNATIONAL

SYSTEM IS GETTING STRONGER IN RELATION TO THE

ENTITIES THAT COMPOSE IT AND DOING SO IN ALL

CONCLUSION

IN 21TH CENTURY, GLOBAL ISSUES AFFECT STATES,

CONFLICTS WITHIN NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES MAY SPILL
OVER INTO ANOTHER STATE AND INTERNAL INSTABILITY
MAY
ALSO
IMPACT
THE STATES
LEGITIMACY
OR
SURVIVABILITY AND POTENTIAL TO AFFECT NATIONAL
SECURITY

THE US MSIA COOPERATE CLOSELY ON SECURITY

MATTERS INCLUDING COUNTER TERRORISM, MARITIME
DOMAIN AWARENESS AND REGIONAL STABILITY. THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE US - MSIA MILITARIES IS
ALSO STRONG WITH NUMEROUS EXCHANGES, TRAINING,
JOINT EXERCISES AND VISITS. THE US - MSIA SIGNED A
MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE TREATY (MLAT) IN JULY 2006

MALAYSIA IS CONFIDENT THAT THE US WILL CONTINUE TO

PLAY AN ACTIVE ROLE IN THE REGION. MALAYSIA REGARDS
POSITIVELY ITS RELATIONS WITH THE US AS IT PROVIDES
TRAINING IN VARIOUS PROFESSIONAL FIELDS, DEFENCE
AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AS WELL AS A SOURCE OF
DEFENCE ACQUISITION

Q&A
THANK YOU