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DEFINITION OF
DENTAL CARIES
dental caries is an irrerversible microbial
disease of teeth that result in localized
dissolution & destruction of calcified tissue
TYPES OF CARIES
1. pit & fissure caries
2. smooth surface caries
3. Root caries
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF
CARIES DIAGNOSIS
1. Patient history
2. Clinical examination
3. Nutritional analysis
4. Salivary analysis
5. Radiographic assessment
DIAGNOSTIC TEST MUST BE
• ACCURATE
• SENSITIVE
• SPECIFIC
• REPRODUCIBLE
• RELIABLE
• NOT TRANSFER THE NFECTION ONE
PATIENT TO ANOTHER PATIENT
• COST EFFECTIVE
METHOD OF CARIES DETECTION
Traditionally caries has been
Diagnosed by the mean of visual
Examination & tactile sensation the
use of radiographs
Method of caries detection can be used
Clinically for treatment purpose.
INVIVO METHOD
For research purpose
IN VITRO METHOD
INVIVO METHOD
Visual examination
Tactile examination
Radiographic examination
Fiber optic transillumination
Fluorescence
Electronic resistance method
Ultrasonic method
Caries detector dyes
IN VITRO METHOD
Chemical analysis
Cross sectional micro hardness testing
Polarized light microscopy
Traditional transverse microradiography
Microprobe analysis
Iodine absorbitometry
Surface micro hardness testing
VISUAL EXAMINATION
(EUROPEAN METHOD)
Visual examination of caries use
criteria such as
* Discoloration of teeth
* White spot on teeth
* Lesion clinically visible(frank cavitation)
* Surface roughness
AIDS IN VISUAL EXAMINATION
* Temporary elective tooth separation
- Used in both deciduous & permanent dentition
* Mouth mirror
* Slide have been used
* Magnification loupe
TACTILE EXAMINATION
(AMERICAN METHOD)
INSTRUMENT
* Mouth mirror
* Explorer
* Sharp /blunt probe
* Floss
CRITERIA OF TACTILE EXAMINATION
* Roughness & softness of two surface
∗ Catch is present
∗ Soft floor of cavitation is palpable with probe
CATCH MEANS
* Penetration & resistance to removal
* Catch indicate the demineralization & weakening of tooth surface
DISADVANTAGE OF USE OF EXPLORER
1. Technical difficulty
* Exposure
* Angulation
* Tooth position
* Interpretation bias
2. Demineralization in enamel that is visible
radiographically may not be indicative of active
caries
3. Conventional radiograph are 2 – D image
OBJECTIVES:
• To determine the need & extent of personalized
preventive measure
• To identifying high risk group & individuals
CARIES ACTIVITY TEST
Should be
- Reproducible
- Valid
- Simple & In expensive
- Non Invasive
- Easy to evaluate
- Applicable to any clinical condition
- Less chances of false result
VARIOUS CARIES ACTIVITY TEST
Lacto Bacillus colony count test.
Calorimetric Snyder test.
Swab Test ( use for young patient. )
Albans test (Modified Snyder test.
Enamel Solubility test ( Susceptibility test)
Salivary buffering capacity test.
Salivary reductase test
Strepto coccus mutans in saliva.
Strepto coccus mutans screening test.
REFERENCES