Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(n A s
ot
ca
a
l
ve ar
ct
or
)
dist
dist
Work = F
dist
Work= Fx dist = 0
He doesnt do any work!
Why this
r
o
t n
c
definition? ve atio
A qu
e
F=m a
Definition of work
+ a little calculus
Work = change in KE
This is called:
Units again
Kinetic Energy = mv2
work = F x dist
2
m
kg 2
s
same!
m
N m =kg 2 m
s
=1Joule
start
dist
dist
change in
vertical height
W=mg
Work = F
=
dist
change
Workgrav
in =PE-change
in PE
grav = -Work
grav
grav
Conservation of energy
mgh + mv2 = constant
Gravitational
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
PE + KE = constant
Energy is conserved
Free fall
height
(reminder)
t = 0s
V0 = 0
t = 1s
80m
75m
V1 = 10m/s
60m
t = 2s
V2 = 20m/s
t = 3s
35m
V3 = 30m/s
t = 4s
V4 = 40m/s
0m
mgh
mv2
sum
800J
800J
50J
800J
t = 1s
V1 = 10m/s; h1=75m
750J
t = 2s
V2 = 20m/s; h2=60m
600J
200J
800J
350J
450J
800J
t = 3s
V3 = 30m/s; h3=35m
t = 4s
V4 = 40m/s; h4=0
800J
800J
pendulum
T
W=mg
Two forces: T and W
T is always
to the motion
E=mghmax
hmax
E=1/2 m(vmax)2
Roller coaster
x
I compress
the spring
(I do + work;
spring does
-work)
Conservation of energy
springs & gravity
Kinetic energy
If elastic force & gravity are the only force doing work:
example
grav PE
KineticE
Spring PE
forces
forces that do + & work
Dissipative
Gravity
Friction
Viscosity
Electrical forces
-work
change in PE
forces
forces that only do work
-work heat
solid
Work-energy theorem
(all forces)
Workfric =
Work done
dissipative
Forces
(always -)
change in
(PE+KE)
potential energy
From all
Conservative forces
Kinetic
energy
-Work
=
change
in
heat
energy
Work
=
-change
in
heat
energy
fric
fric
-change
=
(PE+KE)
in Heat Energy
change in
0 =
change in
0 =
+
(PE+KE)
change in
Heat Energy
(Heat
Energy+PE+KE)
+ PE + KE = constant
Units again
Heat units:
Food Calories
1 Calorie = 1000 calories = 1Kcalorie
The Calories you read on food labels
8 x 105 J
2 x 106 J
Power
Rate of using energy:
Units:
Joule
1 second
amout of energy
Power = elapsed time
= 1 Watt
Other units
Over a full day, a work-horse can
have an average work output of
more than 750 Joules each second
Kilowatt hours
energy
Power = time
energy = power
power unit
Elec companies use:
Kilowatts
(103 W)
time
hours
(3600 s)
1 kilowatt-hour = 1kW-hr
= 103 W x 3.6x103 s = 3.6x106 Ws
J
HECO charges us about 15 cents /kW-hr