Influenza A, B, C viruses

Klasifikasi, Struktur, Genom, Kultur dan Sifat Virus

- Famili Orthomyxoviridae
Influenza A virus tdd : subtipe ~ 16 HA dan 9 NA
( ~ outbreaks in humans : H1-3 dan N1-2 )
- Virion berbentuk spheris, tdd :
a. Segmented, minus strand RNA
b. Helically coiled nucleocapsid
c. Enveloped (hemagglutinin&neuraminidase glycoprotein spikes)
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- Genom :13000-15000 nt, tdd 7-8 segmen (reassortment !);

menyandi 10-11 macam protein.

Influenza C virus : gen NA
- Dapat dikultur pada a.l. monkey kidney cells
- Inaktivasi dgn : radiasi ionisasi, pH <5/>9, >50C,

deterjen, drying

- Host :

- Influenza A virus : broad host range (Zoonosis!)

wild avian (ducks, geese and gulls),
humans, swine, horses
Pada unggas biasanya tidak patogenik, namun sebabkan
kesakitan/kematian pada species lain.
!!! highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) : H5 & H7
(tidak semua) mortalitas tinggi ~ 100% !!

Babi : peka thdp infeksi Influenza A virus dari unggas & human,
kdg2 transmisi ke human : intermediate host/mixing vessel
(reassortment)
Gejala pada babi ~ mirip dgn manusia, dgn angka kematian
rendah namun angka kesakitannya tinggi
Jarang menyebar langsung dari human ke human
- Influenza B & C virus : humans
: swine, dogs, cats, horse

Influenza A virus

Contoh nama strain :

A/Johannesburg/33/94(H3N2)

Influenza A virus

 Epidemiologi
- Worldwide
outbreak tiap tahun
pandemik : Influenza A virus H1N1 (swine) 1918, H2N2 (Asian)
1957, H3N2 (Hongkong) 1968, H5N1 (chicken/bird) 1997

WHO surveillance and control program (1947)

to coordinate national and international action
European Union
additional surveillance studies (control of H5 and H7 influenza
viruses, and the use of surveillance studies in wild birds as a
potential early warning system.
Intensive animal influenza surveillance in some regions of
south east Asia, North America and Europe in part associated
and linked with programs in humans.

- Influenza A virus : > avian; ~ epidemik influenza (peran swine)

: non human & human (reassortment!)
Influenza B & C virus : ~ milder disease; winter outbreaks
- Seasonal : winter / spring (temperate) & rainy (tropic)
(Influenza C virus : non seasonal)

- Low mortality (~ lower respiratory/ cardiovascular disease)

- Transmisi : by airborne droplets (orang ke orang, zoonotik)
Note : antar unggas ~ faecal-oral
- Sering reinfeksi
- ~ Infeksi nosokomial (Influenza A virus >>)

Manifestasi Klinis
- Inkubasi 1-5 hari
- Gejala/sindroma influenza (all age groups)
- Komplikasi : sering ( otitis media/sinusitis, bronchitis, croup,
pneumonia, CNS, myocarditis, gagal ginjal akut)
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 Diagnosis Lab
- Isolasi virus dari sputum, usap hidung/tenggorok,
nasal aspirate/washing (kultur sel) & deteksi CPE
- Deteksi asam nukleat (RT-PCR)
- Uji serologis : deteksi ag & ab (IF, RIA, EIA)
Prevensi (vaksin, isolasi penderita : di RS, antiviral)
Terapi

(simtomatik dan antiviral)

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