LANGUAGE

ACQUISITION

THE
ACQUISITION
hypothesis

 Learning Distinction
there are two distinct
and independent ways
of developing second
language competence

FIRST, LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

which speaks of a
subconscious process
In other words, this is
implicit learning of a
language.

SECOND, LANGUAGE LEARNING

which is referred
conscious knowledge
of a second language
usually called
explicit learning

THE NATURAL
ORDER
HYPOTHESIS

 The acquisition of
grammatical structures
proceeds in a
predictable order.

THE MONITOR
HYPOTHESIS

 Acquisition- initiates our

utterances in a second language
and is responsible for fluency.
Learning- as a monitor or editor,
to make changes in the form of
our utterance, after it has been
produced by the acquired
system.

THE INPUT
HYPOTHESIS

 understanding messages or
by receiving comprehension
input only.
learners acquire language by
in taking and
understanding language that
is a little beyond their
current level of competence
(Krashen, 1981).

THE AFFECTIVE
FILTER
HYPOTHESIS

 This states how affective

factors relate to the second
language acquisition
process. Affective factors
include motivation, selfconfidence and anxiety.

STUDY SKILLS AND

COMPREHENSION
SKILLS IN READING

1.PQRST METHOD
This method helps students
focus on studying and
prioritizing the information
that relates directly to how
they will use that information.

PREVIEW - looking at the

topic by glancing over the
headings or points in
reading material.
QUESTION formulating
queries that may be
answered.

 READ reading through reading

material that relates to the topic

the student wants to learn.
SUMMARY- allows individual
students to put together
information read.
TEST- assessing whether focus has
remained. Answering the questions
set for in the Question section.

2. SPIDER DIAGRAM

This links concepts together.

This determines the theme
relative to the other
concepts presents in the
selection.

PASSPORT
PASSPORT

PLANE TICKET

IMMIGRATION

DEPARTMEN OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS

FROM ONE
COUNTRY TO
ANOTHER

Fig.11 Sample Illustration of a Spider Diagram

3. SQ4R METHOD
SURVEY- The readers aim is not
to go into detail but to develop a
general idea of the structure.
QUESTION- It is thinking about
the material and asking oneself
questions which serve to keep
the reader more involved with
the material.

 READ- It is reading
carefully and trying to
answer question.
WRITE- This is writing
down the answers to the
questions formerly raised.

 RECITE reciting what is

being read; recalling main
headings and ideas.
REVIEW reviewing is the
key figuring out what ones
knows and what one needs to
concentrate on.

4. PQ4R METHOD
PREVIEW- It surveying the
chapter to determine the general
topics being discussed,
identifying the sections to be
read as units and applying the
next four steps to each section.
QUESTION- This is making
question about section; simply
transforming section headings to

 READ- reading the section

carefully trying to answer
the questions one has
made.
REFLECT- reflecting on the
text as one is reading,
trying to understand it, to
think of examples, and to
relate the material to the

 RECITE- trying to recall the

information contained in it
and trying to answers
questions.
REVIEW after finished the
chapter he/she goes
through it mentally
recalling its main points.

Thank you for listening

!!